2021年6月新聞熱詞匯總

6月，神舟十二號(hào)載人飛船發(fā)射成功，我國(guó)三名航天員進(jìn)入空間站核心艙；中共一大紀(jì)念館正式開(kāi)館；反外國(guó)制裁法正式公布實(shí)施；華為正式發(fā)布鴻蒙智能手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)；教育部新成立校外教育培訓(xùn)監(jiān)管司；中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年紀(jì)念幣發(fā)行；我國(guó)首次頒授“七一勛章”；中央網(wǎng)信辦開(kāi)展飯圈亂象治理行動(dòng)等。
三孩政策 three-child policy
中共中央政治局5月31日召開(kāi)會(huì)議，聽(tīng)取“十四五”時(shí)期積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化重大政策舉措?yún)R報(bào)，審議《關(guān)于優(yōu)化生育政策促進(jìn)人口長(zhǎng)期均衡發(fā)展的決定》。
The meeting unveiled a policy that would allow all couples to have up to three children, in a bid to cope with an increasingly aging society. It also pledged stronger support for families.
會(huì)議提出，實(shí)施一對(duì)夫妻可以生育三個(gè)子女政策及配套支持措施，以應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化程度加深問(wèn)題。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
黨的十八大以來(lái)，黨中央根據(jù)我國(guó)人口發(fā)展變化形勢(shì)，先后作出一系列重大決策部署。
2013年，十八屆三中全會(huì)決定啟動(dòng)實(shí)施“單獨(dú)二孩”政策（夫妻中有一方為獨(dú)生子女的可生育兩個(gè)孩子，two-child policy for couples of which one partner is an only child）。
2015年，十八屆五中全會(huì)決定實(shí)施“全面二孩政策”（the universal two-child policy），積極開(kāi)展應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化（aging population）行動(dòng)，促進(jìn)人口均衡發(fā)展（improve the balanced development of population）。
實(shí)施三孩政策，有哪些配套措施？
They stressed the need for unified policymaking in terms of marriage, births, parenting and education, with stronger measures to guide young adults on issues related to marriage and family values and to target unhealthy social conduct during wedding ceremonies and excessive betrothal gifts.
要將婚嫁、生育、養(yǎng)育、教育一體考慮，加強(qiáng)適婚青年婚戀觀、家庭觀教育引導(dǎo)，對(duì)婚嫁陋習(xí)、天價(jià)彩禮等不良社會(huì)風(fēng)氣進(jìn)行治理。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
彩禮（betrothal gifts）是我國(guó)婚禮習(xí)俗中的一部分，指婚前男方送給女方的禮金和聘禮，送彩禮代表婚約正式締結(jié)，若有反悔，彩禮一般要退回。彩禮一般分為禮金（gift money）和實(shí)物（gift items）兩部分。與彩禮對(duì)應(yīng)的是女方出嫁時(shí)娘家準(zhǔn)備的“嫁妝”（dowry）。
The level of services to ensure good prenatal and postnatal care must be improved, and a child care service system that benefits all families will be established.
提高優(yōu)生優(yōu)育服務(wù)水平，發(fā)展普惠托育服務(wù)體系。
The meeting called for greater equality in education and an enhanced supply of high-quality education resources to reduce families' education expenditure.
推進(jìn)教育公平與優(yōu)質(zhì)教育資源供給，降低家庭教育開(kāi)支。
More incentives in taxes and housing will be rolled out and the legitimate interests of women in the job market will be safeguarded.
加強(qiáng)稅收、住房等支持政策，保障女性就業(yè)合法權(quán)益。
【詞匯講解】
Roll out something或者roll something out都表示“首次推出、發(fā)布（服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品、政策等）”，比如：The company plans to roll out the new product across Europe in the coming months.（公司計(jì)劃未來(lái)幾個(gè)月在歐洲發(fā)布這款新產(chǎn)品）。其名詞形式為rollout，表示某個(gè)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)經(jīng)過(guò)試用后逐步擴(kuò)大供應(yīng)至更多人群，比如：rollout of COVID-19 vaccines（新冠疫苗供應(yīng)）。此外，英語(yǔ)里還有一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)roll out the red carpet for (someone)，字面意思是“為某人鋪紅毯”，其實(shí)也是“歡迎某人，盛情款待”的意思，比如：The city council decided to roll out the red carpet for the visit of the foreign prince.（該市議會(huì)決定為這位外國(guó)王子舉辦盛大的歡迎儀式）。
China should continue to implement its current reward and assistance system as well as preferential policies for families with one child and rural families with only two daughters who were born before the implementation of the two-child policy.
對(duì)全面兩孩政策調(diào)整前的獨(dú)生子女家庭和農(nóng)村計(jì)劃生育雙女家庭，要繼續(xù)實(shí)行現(xiàn)行各項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助制度和優(yōu)惠政策。
The nation will establish and improve various policies for such families under the family planning policy.
要建立健全計(jì)劃生育特殊家庭全方位幫扶保障制度。
The meeting urged efforts to deepen the national medium- and long-term population development strategy and regional population development planning to promote long-term and balanced population development.
要深化國(guó)家人口中長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和區(qū)域人口發(fā)展規(guī)劃研究，促進(jìn)人口長(zhǎng)期均衡發(fā)展。
校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu) off-campus training institutions
The State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) slapped fines amounting to 36.5 million yuan on 15 tutoring firms on Tuesday for false advertising and pricing frauds.
市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局6月1日宣布，15家校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)因虛假宣傳、價(jià)格欺詐被處以總計(jì)3650萬(wàn)元的罰款。
【詞匯講解】
Fraud這個(gè)詞既可以指“欺詐”這個(gè)行為或罪名，也可以表示某個(gè)人是“騙子”或某件事是“騙局”，比如：That diet book is a fraud and a waste of time（那本烹飪書就是騙人的，純屬浪費(fèi)時(shí)間），credit card fraud（信用卡詐騙），He claims to be a doctor, but he's just a fraud without a medical licence.（他自稱是醫(yī)生，但其實(shí)是一個(gè)沒(méi)有醫(yī)師執(zhí)照的騙子）。
The SAMR inspection found that 15 training institutions had indulged in false advertising, while 13 resorted to pricing frauds.
市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)，15家機(jī)構(gòu)有虛假宣傳行為，13家機(jī)構(gòu)存在價(jià)格欺詐行為。
【詞匯講解】
校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)可以統(tǒng)稱為after-school/off-campus training institutions，其中針對(duì)在校課程的“補(bǔ)習(xí)班”可以用cram session或者tutoring class表示，而根據(jù)孩子們的興趣愛(ài)好開(kāi)設(shè)的“興趣班”則可以用hobby class表示。
The regulator found that academic qualifications of some tutors at the firms were fabricated or exaggerated.
市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局發(fā)現(xiàn)部分培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)虛構(gòu)或夸大教師資質(zhì)。
市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局價(jià)監(jiān)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)局局長(zhǎng)袁喜祿表示，
The tutoring industry should not develop for profiteering, and disorderly expansion should be forestalled.
校外培訓(xùn)不是逐利的風(fēng)口，不是圈錢的工具，不能無(wú)序發(fā)展，不能盲目擴(kuò)張。
【詞匯講解】
Profiteer這個(gè)詞以profit開(kāi)頭，所以這個(gè)詞表達(dá)的意思與“利潤(rùn)，利益”有關(guān)，profiteer可以用作動(dòng)詞或名詞，表示“牟取暴利”或“牟取暴利的人、投機(jī)商人”等，比如：a war profiteer（戰(zhàn)時(shí)投機(jī)商）。Profiteering也是名詞，表示“牟取暴利（行為）”，比如：We will not tolerate profiteering on food aid that is supposed to be free.（我們不能容忍用免費(fèi)的援助食物牟取暴利的行為）。
The malpractices of false advertising and pricing fraud have damaged the legitimate rights and interests of students and their parents and disrupted the orderly market competition.
虛假宣傳、價(jià)格欺詐等違法違規(guī)行為不僅損害了家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)生的合法權(quán)益，還嚴(yán)重?cái)_亂了行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)秩序。
對(duì)于校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)亂象，群眾反映日益強(qiáng)烈
The first quarter of 2021 saw surging complaints about the tutoring industry, with the total number of complaints filed by consumers via the online service platform "12315" topping 47,100, up 65 percent from a year earlier.
今年一季度，12315在線平臺(tái)的教育培訓(xùn)服務(wù)投訴舉報(bào)達(dá)4.71萬(wàn)件，同比增長(zhǎng)65%。
持續(xù)加大校外培訓(xùn)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管力度
Market regulators will build a long-term mechanism of oversight and improve the code of conduct and supervision principles.
市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管部門將構(gòu)建長(zhǎng)效監(jiān)管機(jī)制，完善校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)的行為規(guī)范和監(jiān)管原則。

鴻蒙操作系統(tǒng) HarmonyOS 2
Chinese telecom giant Huawei on Wednesday officially launched its operating system HarmonyOS 2 for smartphones, providing customers worldwide with a competitive alternative that works on a diverse range of devices.
6月2日，中國(guó)通訊巨頭華為正式發(fā)布鴻蒙智能手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可搭載多個(gè)系列的產(chǎn)品，為全球用戶提供了一個(gè)頗具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的替代品。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
“鴻蒙”在漢語(yǔ)詞典里的解釋是：古人認(rèn)為天地開(kāi)辟之前是一團(tuán)混沌的元?dú)猓@種自然的元?dú)饨凶鲽櫭?。但鴻蒙系統(tǒng)的英文名卻并沒(méi)有直接采用漢語(yǔ)拼音HongMeng，而是取名Harmony。余承東是這樣解釋的：“‘鴻蒙’中文有‘開(kāi)天辟地’的意思，最接近的英語(yǔ)單詞就是Genesis（讀作['d?en?s?s]）。用漢語(yǔ)拼音太難發(fā)音了，所以我們?nèi)∶鸋armony，希望給世界帶來(lái)更多和平（peace）、方便（convenience）?！?/span>
這里的OS是operating system的簡(jiǎn)寫形式，比如蘋果的操作系統(tǒng)就是iOS，安卓的操作系統(tǒng)就是Android OS。
HarmonyOS, or Hongmeng in Chinese, is an open-source operating system designed for various devices and scenarios. It first launched on Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, including wearables and tablets, in August 2019.
鴻蒙是一個(gè)開(kāi)源操作系統(tǒng)，可用于多個(gè)設(shè)備和場(chǎng)景。2019年8月，鴻蒙操作系統(tǒng)發(fā)布，主要用于可穿戴設(shè)備和平板等物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備。
鴻蒙操作系統(tǒng)有什么特點(diǎn)？
As a next-generation operating system for smart devices, HarmonyOS provides a common language for different kinds of devices to connect and collaborate, providing users with a more convenient, smooth, and secure experience.
鴻蒙系統(tǒng)是新一代智能終端操作系統(tǒng)，為不同設(shè)備的智能化、互聯(lián)與協(xié)同提供統(tǒng)一的語(yǔ)言。鴻蒙更便捷、更流暢、更安全。
武漢大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)院助理教授趙小剛表示，
Zhao called HarmonyOS a "mega-terminal" that enables more streamlined and efficient cross-device connectivity.
鴻蒙創(chuàng)造出了“超級(jí)終端”，使多設(shè)備互聯(lián)更加簡(jiǎn)化、高效。
【詞匯講解】
Streamline這個(gè)詞用作動(dòng)詞表示“to improve the effectiveness of an organization such as a business or government, often by making the way activities are performed simpler”，即“通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)化辦事流程來(lái)提高企業(yè)或政府機(jī)構(gòu)的效率”，比如，streamline administration and delegate power就是時(shí)政類報(bào)道中經(jīng)常提到的“簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)”，The cost-cutting measures include streamlining administrative procedures in the company（降低成本的措施包括簡(jiǎn)化公司的行政流程）。
"HarmonyOS greatly enhances the interactive speed between devices and improves the efficiency of their computing power, thus providing customers with a more optimized cross-device user experience," said Zhao.
鴻蒙大大提升了多設(shè)備的交互速度，提高了設(shè)備算力的利用率，從而提供了一個(gè)更加優(yōu)化的多設(shè)備用戶體驗(yàn)。
華為常務(wù)董事、消費(fèi)者業(yè)務(wù)CEO余承東表示：
"We are surrounded by more and more smart devices these days, and are now in a world where all things are connected," said Yu. "Every single one of us is a part of this fully connected world, as is every device. We look forward to working with more partners and developers to build a thriving HarmonyOS ecosystem," he said.
隨著每個(gè)人身邊的智能設(shè)備越來(lái)越多，我們已步入萬(wàn)物互聯(lián)時(shí)代。沒(méi)有人是一個(gè)孤島，每個(gè)人、每個(gè)設(shè)備都是萬(wàn)物互聯(lián)大陸的一部分。我們希望與更多合作伙伴、開(kāi)發(fā)者共同繁榮鴻蒙生態(tài)。
市場(chǎng)反饋
Chinese industries, including home appliances, sports and fitness, travel, entertainment, and education, have welcomed the launch of HarmonyOS.
覆蓋家電家居、運(yùn)動(dòng)健康、出行、娛樂(lè)、教育等領(lǐng)域的中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)界對(duì)鴻蒙系統(tǒng)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)表現(xiàn)出積極態(tài)度。
In May, Midea Group, a leading Chinese home appliances maker, announced that it would roll out some 200 new products running on HarmonyOS by the end of this year.
今年5月，中國(guó)家電業(yè)巨頭美的集團(tuán)宣布計(jì)劃在年內(nèi)推出近200款搭載鴻蒙系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)。
Huawei expects the number of devices equipped with HarmonyOS to reach 300 million by the end of 2021, including more than 200 million for Huawei devices.
華為計(jì)劃在2021年實(shí)現(xiàn)將鴻蒙系統(tǒng)覆蓋3億臺(tái)設(shè)備，其中2億臺(tái)為自有設(shè)備。
中共一大紀(jì)念館 the memorial of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China
6月3日，位于上海市的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第一次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)紀(jì)念館（the memorial of the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China）開(kāi)館。
The memorial includes the site of the first CPC National Congress, an oath-taking hall, and a newly-built exhibition area.
中共一大紀(jì)念館由中共一大會(huì)址、宣誓大廳、新建展館等部分組成。
【詞匯講解】
說(shuō)到“紀(jì)念館”或“紀(jì)念碑”，我們會(huì)想到對(duì)應(yīng)的是memorial和monument這兩個(gè)詞。在具體使用的時(shí)候，兩個(gè)詞稍有區(qū)別：memorial可以指“紀(jì)念堂、紀(jì)念館，紀(jì)念物、紀(jì)念碑”等各類用以緬懷逝去的人們或者紀(jì)念某個(gè)重要事件的建筑物，比如：chairman Mao memorial hall（毛主席紀(jì)念堂），Beichuan Earthquake Memorial（北川地震紀(jì)念館）等，同時(shí)，memorial也可以直接表示“紀(jì)念（悼念）儀式”，可以跟memorial service/ceremony替換使用，比如：Thousands of people attended a memorial to victims of the accident.（數(shù)千人參加了這次事故遇難者的悼念儀式）。
Monument更多地用來(lái)指代實(shí)物的“紀(jì)念碑、紀(jì)念館”等具有歷史意義的建筑，一般用來(lái)紀(jì)念有重大影響的人物、事件等，比如：the Monument to the People's Heroes（人民英雄紀(jì)念碑），Washington Monument（華盛頓紀(jì)念碑），法國(guó)的Arc de Triomphe（凱旋門）也屬于monument。固定短語(yǔ)be a monument to sth表示“是...的豐碑，是...的不朽成果”，比如：The annual arts festival is a monument to her vision and hard work.（一年一度的藝術(shù)節(jié)是她開(kāi)闊的視野及辛勤創(chuàng)作的成果）。The hotel is a monument to mass tourism.（這家旅館是大眾旅游熱潮的見(jiàn)證）。
More than 1,100 selected items that highlight the Party's history have been displayed in the exhibition area spanning 3,400 square meters.
展廳面積3400平方米，展出1100多件精選出來(lái)的黨史文物。
The exhibition area is divided into seven sections that chronicle the founding of the CPC as well as the Party's efforts and achievements over the past 100 years.
展覽共7個(gè)板塊，生動(dòng)體現(xiàn)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的誕生和百年奮斗歷程。
【詞匯講解】
Chronicle做名詞的時(shí)候表示“編年史”，一般強(qiáng)調(diào)按事件發(fā)生的順序記載，比如：a chronicle of the French Revolution（法國(guó)革命編年史），用作動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候就表示“詳細(xì)記錄某件事的發(fā)生經(jīng)過(guò)”，比如：His one-man show chronicles the life of Mark Twain.（他的單人秀生動(dòng)展現(xiàn)了馬克吐溫的一生）。
Exhibits including relics, photos and literature cover major events such as the New Culture Movement, the May Fourth Movement, the establishment of early CPC organizations and early CPC national congresses.
建黨文物集中展示新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)、五四運(yùn)動(dòng)、共產(chǎn)黨早期組織的成立，以及早期中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨全國(guó)代表大會(huì)等事件的珍貴文獻(xiàn)、照片、實(shí)物等。
A total of 72 versions of The Communist Manifesto are also on display.
《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》72種版本全部展出。

“聯(lián)合國(guó)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”倡議 the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
Amidst the triple environmental threat of biodiversity loss, climate disruption and escalating pollution, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres on Friday launched the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration on the eve of World Environment Day.
6月4日，聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)古特雷斯宣布啟動(dòng)“聯(lián)合國(guó)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，以應(yīng)對(duì)生物多樣性喪失、氣候破壞和污染加劇的三重環(huán)境威脅。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
“聯(lián)合國(guó)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”倡議（the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration）是一項(xiàng)全球性號(hào)召，致力于推動(dòng)世界各地對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行保護(hù)和修復(fù)（a rallying call for the protection and revival of ecosystems all around the world），從而造福人類和自然。它旨在制止生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的退化（halt the degradation of ecosystems），并對(duì)其進(jìn)行修復(fù)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)全球目標(biāo)。只有擁有健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，我們才能改善人民生計(jì)，抵御氣候變化，阻止生物多樣性喪失（Only with healthy ecosystems can we enhance people’s livelihoods, counteract climate change, and stop the collapse of biodiversity）。
聯(lián)合國(guó)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年從2021年持續(xù)到2030年，這也是實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的最后期限（the deadline for the Sustainable Development Goals）和科學(xué)家們認(rèn)定的防止災(zāi)難性氣候變化的最后機(jī)會(huì)（the timeline scientists have identified as the last chance to prevent catastrophic climate change）。
“聯(lián)合國(guó)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)十年”由聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署（the UN Environment Programme，UNEP）和聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織（the Food and Agriculture Organization，F(xiàn)AO）共同領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，旨在重構(gòu)、重建、重塑生態(tài)系統(tǒng)（ re-imagine, recreate and restore ecosystems）。
聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)古特雷斯在行動(dòng)計(jì)劃在線啟動(dòng)儀式上發(fā)表視頻講話說(shuō)，
The planet was rapidly reaching a "point of no return," cutting down forests, polluting rivers and oceans, and ploughing grasslands "into oblivion."
地球正迅速接近“不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的臨界點(diǎn)”?？撤ド?、污染河流和海洋、開(kāi)墾草原導(dǎo)致自然資源正在“消失殆盡”。
【詞匯講解】
單詞oblivion本意是“完全被遺忘”，常見(jiàn)的搭配是fade/slide/sink into oblivion，均表示“慢慢淡出別人的記憶”，比如：These toys will be around for a year or two, then fade/slide/sink into oblivion（這些玩具在手邊玩一兩年以后就會(huì)被冷落在一旁了）。此外，oblivion還表示“被徹底摧毀”，比如：The planes bombed the city into oblivion（飛機(jī)轟炸把這座城市夷為平地）。
"We are ravaging the very ecosystems that underpin our societies," the UN chief warned.
我們正在破壞支撐我們社會(huì)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
"Our degradation of the natural world is destroying the very food, water and resources needed to survive, and already undermining the well-being of 3.2 billion people -- or 40 percent of humanity," said the top UN official.
自然界的退化正在破壞人類賴以生存的食物、水和資源，而且已經(jīng)危及全球40%的人口（32億人）的生存。
But fortunately, the Earth is resilient and "we still have time to reverse the damage we have done," he added.
幸運(yùn)的是，地球是有恢復(fù)能力的，我們還有時(shí)間扭轉(zhuǎn)自己造成的破壞。
【詞匯講解】
時(shí)政類報(bào)道中經(jīng)常提到的“經(jīng)濟(jì)有韌性”一般會(huì)翻譯為resilience in economic development或者resilient economic growth。所謂的“韌性”就是指經(jīng)歷過(guò)挫折和困境以后還能恢復(fù)到原先活力狀態(tài)的能力，形容詞resilient和名詞resilience都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)這個(gè)意思。此外，形容詞resilient和名詞resilience也表示“彈性好的，能復(fù)原的，適應(yīng)力好的”等意思，比如：Life is hard there, but the people are resilient.（那里生活艱難，但是人們都堅(jiān)韌不拔），上文中the Earth is resilient也是這一層意思。This rubber ball is very resilient and immediately springs back into shape.（這個(gè)橡皮球彈性非常好，很快就恢復(fù)了原狀）。
By restoring ecosystems, he said that "we can drive a transformation that will contribute to the achievement of all the Sustainable Development Goals."
通過(guò)恢復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可以推動(dòng)一場(chǎng)變革，這將有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)所有可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。
"Accomplishing these things will not only safeguard the planet's resources. It will create millions of new jobs by 2030, generate returns of over 7 trillion US dollars every year and help eliminate poverty and hunger."
做好有關(guān)工作，不僅能保護(hù)地球資源，而且到2030年，這場(chǎng)變革將創(chuàng)造數(shù)百萬(wàn)新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，每年產(chǎn)生超過(guò)7萬(wàn)億美元的回報(bào)并幫助消除貧困和饑餓。
He pointed out that the next 10 years are "our final chance to avert a climate catastrophe, turn back the deadly tide of pollution and end species loss."
未來(lái)十年是避免氣候?yàn)?zāi)難、扭轉(zhuǎn)致命污染浪潮、終結(jié)物種喪失的最后機(jī)會(huì)。

新冠疫苗緊急使用 emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines
China is expected to administer COVID-19 vaccines to at least 70 percent of the target population by the end of this year, an official from the National Health Commission confirmed, as the country continues to ramp up its inoculation drive to approve the emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines for those aged between 3 and 17 years old.
我國(guó)繼續(xù)推進(jìn)新冠疫苗接種工作，已批準(zhǔn)將3-17歲人群納入新冠疫苗緊急使用年齡范圍。國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，預(yù)計(jì)到今年年底前，我國(guó)將完成至少70%的目標(biāo)人群接種。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
我國(guó)已有21個(gè)新冠疫苗進(jìn)入臨床試驗(yàn)階段（21 COVID-19 vaccines entering different stages of clinical trials）。目前有4個(gè)疫苗在國(guó)內(nèi)獲批附條件上市（conditional market approval for public use），3個(gè)疫苗在國(guó)內(nèi)獲批緊急使用（emergency use authorization），8個(gè)疫苗在國(guó)外獲批開(kāi)展Ⅲ期臨床試驗(yàn)（launch Phase-3 clinical trials），1個(gè)mRNA疫苗在國(guó)外獲倫理批準(zhǔn)（pass ethics evaluation overseas），實(shí)現(xiàn)了境外臨床試驗(yàn)滅活疫苗（inactivated vaccines）、重組蛋白疫苗（recombinant protein vaccines）、腺病毒載體疫苗（adenovirus vector vaccines）、核酸疫苗（nucleic acid vaccines）技術(shù)路線的全面覆蓋。
Preliminary results from Phase I and II clinical trials showed the vaccine could trigger immune response in three to 17 year-old participants, and most adverse reactions were mild.
Ⅰ/Ⅱ期臨床試驗(yàn)初步結(jié)果顯示，疫苗能夠觸發(fā)3到17歲接種者體內(nèi)的免疫反應(yīng)，多數(shù)不良反應(yīng)輕微。
Following approval by relevant authorities, vaccination will be open to people in this age group based on the epidemic prevention and control situation .
經(jīng)國(guó)家有關(guān)部門批準(zhǔn)后，會(huì)根據(jù)疫情防控需要在這一人群中推動(dòng)接種。
年齡最大接種者超過(guò)100歲
Over 763 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines had been administered across China as of Saturday, NHC figures showed.
國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至6月5日，我國(guó)新冠疫苗接種已超過(guò)7.63億劑次。
The oldest vaccine recipients in China's vaccination campaign, open to people aged over 18, are more than 100 years old.
目前我國(guó)新冠疫苗接種面向18歲以上人群，其中年齡最大的接種者超過(guò)100歲。
China is also making headway in creating nasal spray and inhaled COVID-19 vaccines as clinical trials of them are underway, and experts will study their safety and efficacy after completing the collection of relevant data.
我國(guó)在鼻噴霧式 / 吸入型新冠疫苗研發(fā)方面也有新進(jìn)展，目前這種疫苗正在進(jìn)行臨床試驗(yàn)。相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)收集完成后，專家將對(duì)其安全性和有效性展開(kāi)研究。
【詞匯講解】
固定搭配make headway表示“move forward or make progress”（前進(jìn)或有進(jìn)步），比如：The boat made little headway against the strong current（海浪太大，船幾乎沒(méi)怎么動(dòng)）；We're gradually making headway with the project（我們的項(xiàng)目在慢慢推進(jìn)）。

長(zhǎng)江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù) ecological protection in the Yangtze River basin
6月7日，國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于長(zhǎng)江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)工作情況的報(bào)告提請(qǐng)十三屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第二十九次會(huì)議審議。
China has made notable progress in improving water quality, restoring aquatic biodiversity and controlling pollution in the Yangtze River basin, according to the report.
報(bào)告顯示，長(zhǎng)江流域在水質(zhì)提升、水生物種多樣性修復(fù)以及污染防控方面均取得明顯成效。
Water quality of 96.7 percent of Yangtze River segments reached Level III standard or above in 2020, 13.3 percentage points higher than the national average and 14.9 percentage points higher than the 2015 figure. For the first time, the water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River reached Level II standard or above in 2020, the report notes.
2020年，長(zhǎng)江流域水質(zhì)優(yōu)良（Ⅲ類以上）斷面比例為96.7%，高于全國(guó)平均水平13.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，較2015年提高14.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，干流首次全線達(dá)到Ⅱ類水質(zhì)。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
根據(jù)國(guó)家環(huán)?？偩峙c國(guó)家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局聯(lián)合發(fā)布的《地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》，依據(jù)地表水（surface water）水域環(huán)境功能和保護(hù)目標(biāo)（the utilization purposes and protection objectives），按功能高低依次劃分為五類：
Ⅰ類（一類地表水 Class I） 主要適用于源頭水（source water）、國(guó)家自然保護(hù)區(qū)（national nature reserves）；
Ⅱ類 （二類地表水 Class II）主要適用于集中式生活飲用水地表水源地一級(jí)保護(hù)區(qū)（first-class protected areas for centralized sources of drinking water）、珍稀水生生物棲息地（protected areas for rare aquatic animals）、魚蝦類產(chǎn)場(chǎng)（spawning fields of fishes and shrimps）、仔稚幼魚的索餌場(chǎng)等；
Ⅲ類 （三類地表水 Class III）主要適用于集中式生活飲用水地表水源地二級(jí)保護(hù)區(qū)、魚蝦類越冬場(chǎng)、洄游通道（migration pathways）、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖區(qū)（aquatic breeding areas）等漁業(yè)水域及游泳區(qū)；
Ⅳ類（四類地表水 Class IV） 主要適用于一般工業(yè)用水區(qū)及人體非直接接觸的娛樂(lè)用水區(qū)（water areas for industrial use and entertainment which is not directly touched by human bodies）；
V類（五類地表水 Class V） 主要適用于農(nóng)業(yè)用水區(qū)及一般景觀要求水域（water bodies for agricultural and landscape use）。
此外，水污染治理中提到的“劣Ⅴ類”（below Class V），是指質(zhì)量低于V類的水，甚至無(wú)法用于工業(yè)和灌溉用途（unusable even for industrial or irrigation purposes），被描述為“黑臭”水體（"black and stinky" water）。
落實(shí)長(zhǎng)江“十年禁漁”
Provinces and municipalities along the Yangtze River have effectively implemented the 10-year fishing ban, with 228,000 fishermen on 110,000 boats relinquishing their nets, says the report, adding that there have been more frequent sightings of flagship species, such as the Yangtze finless porpoise, after the ban.
沿江省市落實(shí)長(zhǎng)江“十年禁漁”，累計(jì)退捕漁船11萬(wàn)艘、漁民22.8萬(wàn)人。禁捕后，長(zhǎng)江江豚等旗艦物種的出現(xiàn)頻率增加。
【詞匯講解】
這里的relinquish表示“放棄（某種責(zé)任或權(quán)力；手中持有的東西）”，比如：relinquish one's claim to the throne（放棄王位），relinquish control of the family business（放棄家族生意），以及上文中的relinquish nets（放下漁網(wǎng)），也就是“退捕”，不再打魚了。
加強(qiáng)污染治理
Amid pollution control efforts, 558 hazardous chemical production enterprises in densely populated urban areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have been relocated or transformed, accounting for 97.2 percent of the total number, says the report.
在污染治理方面，完成長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶城鎮(zhèn)人口密集區(qū)危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)搬遷改造558家，完成率97.2%。
Measures have been taken to curb agricultural non-point source pollution, says the report, adding that efforts have been strengthened to prevent shipping pollution, promoting the use of new and clean energy by ships in ports along the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染防治，同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)航運(yùn)污染治理，持續(xù)推進(jìn)長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶港口船舶使用新能源、清潔能源。
推動(dòng)綠色發(fā)展
2021年是全面貫徹落實(shí)長(zhǎng)江保護(hù)法（the Yangtze River conservation law）的第一年。要全面貫徹落實(shí)長(zhǎng)江保護(hù)法，依法推動(dòng)長(zhǎng)江流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。
More efforts will be made in promoting green development, preventing and controlling pollution, carrying out ecological restoration, and establishing and improving relevant systems and mechanisms, the report notes.
要扎實(shí)推動(dòng)綠色發(fā)展，深入開(kāi)展污染防治，持續(xù)開(kāi)展生態(tài)修復(fù)，建立健全制度機(jī)制。
全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期 global economic projection
6月8日，世界銀行發(fā)布最新一期《全球經(jīng)濟(jì)展望》報(bào)告。
China's economic growth is expected to accelerate to 8.5 percent this year, faster than projected in January, supported by buoyant exports and release of pent-up demand amid effective control of the COVID-19 outbreak, the World Bank said in the report.
世界銀行在報(bào)告中指出，受活躍的出口貿(mào)易以及新冠疫情有效控制后被壓抑的需求得到釋放等因素支撐，今年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速有望提升至8.5%，高于今年1月的預(yù)估。
【詞匯講解】
很多人看到project這個(gè)詞，第一反應(yīng)就是“項(xiàng)目、工程”，但是在經(jīng)濟(jì)展望的報(bào)道里，project通常用作動(dòng)詞，表示“to estimate for the future based on information already known”，即“（根據(jù)已知信息）預(yù)測(cè)、預(yù)估”，比如：Government spending is projected to rise by three percent next year（預(yù)計(jì)明年政府支出將增加3%），其名詞形式就是projection，比如上文中的“faster than projected in January”也可以改寫為“higher than the January projection”。
In addition to China, the strong rebounds from a few major economies, including the United States whose growth is projected at 6.8 percent, will propel the global economy to expand by 5.6 percent this year, the fastest post-recession pace in 80 years, according to the report.
報(bào)告指出，除中國(guó)以外，得益于美國(guó)等少數(shù)幾個(gè)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體強(qiáng)勁反彈支撐，今年全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期為5.6%，將成為80年來(lái)全球在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退后的最快增速。美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)計(jì)將增長(zhǎng)6.8%。
Despite the recovery, global output will be about 2 percent below pre-pandemic projections by the end of this year, the report showed. Per capita income losses will not be unwound by 2022 for about two-thirds of emerging markets and developing economies.
報(bào)告表示，盡管出現(xiàn)復(fù)蘇，但到今年年底全球產(chǎn)出將比疫情前預(yù)測(cè)低2%左右。約三分之二新興市場(chǎng)和發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體的人均收入損失在2022年之前將難以恢復(fù)。
【詞匯講解】
這里的unwound是動(dòng)詞unwind（讀作 /?n?wɑ?nd/）的過(guò)去分詞形式，表示“to change or remove the effects of something”（改變或消除某事的影響），比如：Financial markets believe that these imbalances can be unwound gradually, allowing the economy to land softly（金融市場(chǎng)認(rèn)為，這些失衡現(xiàn)象會(huì)逐步消除，讓經(jīng)濟(jì)得以軟著陸）。其實(shí)，unwind就是動(dòng)詞wind（讀作 /wɑ?nd/）的反義詞，wind表示“擰，轉(zhuǎn)”等意思，“給鐘表上發(fā)條”常用wind (up) a clock or watch表示，與之相反，wind down或unwind就可以表示“松開(kāi)發(fā)條，放松”，相當(dāng)于relax，比如：The facility was built as a place where workers could go and unwind after their shifts（這個(gè)地方就是讓工人們換班以后放松休息的地方）。
世行行長(zhǎng)馬爾帕斯表示，
While there are welcome signs of global recovery, the pandemic continues to inflict poverty and inequality on people in developing countries around the world.
雖然出現(xiàn)全球復(fù)蘇的可喜跡象，但疫情持續(xù)給世界各地發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人民帶來(lái)貧困和不平等。
First and foremost, expanding vaccine distribution and deployment, especially to developing countries, is a precondition to economic recovery.
首要任務(wù)是擴(kuò)大疫苗分配和供給，特別是對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的供應(yīng)，這是經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的前提條件。
Globally coordinated efforts are essential to accelerate vaccine distribution and debt relief, particularly for low-income countries.
在加快疫苗分配和減債進(jìn)程中，全球范圍的協(xié)調(diào)工作至關(guān)重要，對(duì)低收入國(guó)家而言尤其如此。
As the health crisis eases, policymakers will need to address the pandemic's lasting effects and take steps to spur green, resilient, and inclusive growth while safeguarding macroeconomic stability.
隨著健康危機(jī)逐漸消退，政府決策者需要著手解決疫情的持久性影響，采取措施促進(jìn)綠色、有韌性和包容性的增長(zhǎng)，同時(shí)維護(hù)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定。

反外國(guó)制裁法 law against foreign sanctions
6月10日下午，十三屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第二十九次會(huì)議表決通過(guò)了《中華人民共和國(guó)反外國(guó)制裁法》，國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平簽署主席令予以公布，自公布之日起施行。
China's passing of the law against foreign sanctions is an urgent necessity in order to counter the hegemonism and power politics of some Western countries, an official with China's top legislature said. It is also an urgent necessity to safeguard China's national sovereignty, security and development interests, as well as to coordinate both the domestic and overseas-related rule-of-law, an official of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) said.
全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)法工委負(fù)責(zé)人表示，通過(guò)反外國(guó)制裁法，是反擊某些西方國(guó)家霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治的迫切需要，是維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益的迫切需要，是統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)法治和涉外法治的迫切需要。
【詞匯講解】
這里的counter作為動(dòng)詞，表示“反制，反擊”，“反”這個(gè)字強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)某個(gè)行為做出“反應(yīng)”，是一個(gè)reaction，所以，counter有時(shí)候也用作前綴，表示“反”，比如：countermeasure（反制措施），counterattack（反擊），counterterrorism（反恐）等。
In recent years, some Western countries and organizations have smeared China's domestic and foreign policies and legislation, and imposed so-called sanctions upon related state organs, organizations and public servants by using pretexts including Xinjiang, Tibet and Hong Kong-related issues.
近年來(lái)，某些西方國(guó)家和組織利用涉疆涉藏涉港等各種議題和借口，對(duì)中國(guó)內(nèi)外政策和有關(guān)立法修法議程橫加指責(zé)、抹黑、攻擊，對(duì)中國(guó)有關(guān)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)、組織和國(guó)家工作人員實(shí)施所謂“制裁”。
【詞匯講解】
這里的impose表示“把...強(qiáng)加給；強(qiáng)制實(shí)行”等意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“強(qiáng)制、強(qiáng)加”這個(gè)意思，常用的搭配就是impose something on/upon someone/something，比如：The government imposed high taxes on cigarettes.（政府對(duì)香煙施加重稅）。The council has imposed a ban on alcohol in the city parks.（議會(huì)在城市公園里實(shí)行禁酒令）。你會(huì)注意到impose后面跟的一般都是tax、ban、fine等強(qiáng)制政策或懲罰手段。此外，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)還可以用來(lái)表示“把某人的想法強(qiáng)加在別人身上”，比如：I don't want to impose my will upon my child.（我不想把我的意愿強(qiáng)加在孩子身上）。
The purpose of formulating the law is to counter, fight and oppose unilateral sanctions on China imposed by foreign countries, safeguard its national sovereignty, security and development interests as well as to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and organizations, the official said.
制定反外國(guó)制裁法，主要目的是為了反制、反擊、反對(duì)外國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)搞的所謂“單邊制裁”，維護(hù)我國(guó)的主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，保護(hù)我國(guó)公民、組織的合法權(quán)益。
反外國(guó)制裁法第六條明確列舉了三類反制措施：
-- Refusing to issue visas, banning entry into China, invalidating visas, and deportation;
一是不予簽發(fā)簽證、不準(zhǔn)入境、注銷簽證或者驅(qū)逐出境；
-- Sealing up, seizing and freezing movable, immovable and other types of property in China;
二是查封、扣押、凍結(jié)在我國(guó)境內(nèi)的動(dòng)產(chǎn)、不動(dòng)產(chǎn)和其他各類財(cái)產(chǎn)；
-- Prohibiting from conducting related transactions with domestic organizations or individuals;
三是禁止或者限制我國(guó)境內(nèi)的組織、個(gè)人與其進(jìn)行有關(guān)交易、合作等活動(dòng)。
同時(shí)，還作了一個(gè)兜底性規(guī)定，即“其他必要措施”。
制定實(shí)施反外國(guó)制裁法不會(huì)給國(guó)家對(duì)外開(kāi)放帶來(lái)不利影響
China's determination and will to deepen reform, expand opening-up and safeguard its national sovereignty, security and development interests stand firm, the official added.
中國(guó)深化改革、擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放的決心和意志是堅(jiān)定不移的，維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益的決心和意志也是堅(jiān)定不移的。

燃?xì)獗?gas explosion
6月13日，湖北十堰市張灣區(qū)艷湖社區(qū)集貿(mào)市場(chǎng)發(fā)生燃?xì)獗ā?/span>
The State Council's Work Safety Commission will supervise the investigation of the deadly gas explosion in Central China's Hubei province.
國(guó)務(wù)院安委會(huì)將對(duì)湖北省這次燃?xì)獗ㄊ鹿蔬M(jìn)行掛牌督辦。
【單詞講解】
Blast和explosion均表示“爆炸”，可以替換使用，不過(guò)blast除了表示“爆炸”以外，還可以表示“（爆炸產(chǎn)生的）沖擊波；強(qiáng)勁的氣流；一陣...”等，比如：a blast of freezing rain（一陣?yán)淅涞谋辏琣 blast of anger（一股怒氣），feel the blast from several miles away（感受到了幾英里之外的沖擊波）。
Together with the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Emergency Management has asked local governments to locate markets and catering businesses that use gas and make sure they all have gas leakage alert systems installed as soon as possible.
應(yīng)急管理部已聯(lián)合住建部等部門推動(dòng)各地區(qū)全面摸排使用燃?xì)獾募Q(mào)市場(chǎng)、餐飲等生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)單位底數(shù)，盡快安裝燃?xì)庑孤﹫?bào)警裝置。
【詞匯講解】
這里的locate表示“to find or discover the exact position of something”，即“找到或確定某物的具體位置”的意思，在偵探劇中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)詞，比如：The police were unable to locate the murder weapon（警方?jīng)]能找到殺人兇器），Sniffer dogs located the drugs（嗅探犬找到了毒品）等等。在日常的語(yǔ)境中，locate經(jīng)常用來(lái)表示“位于，坐落于”等意思，比如：The factory was located too close to a residential area（那座工廠的位置離居民區(qū)太近），My home is located on the outskirts of town（我們家在郊區(qū)）。
More than 2,000 people, including 210 firefighters, have been involved in the search and rescue work, and 913 households near the market have been evacuated for their safety.
共有2000余人參與搜救工作，其中包括210名消防員。出于安全考慮，市場(chǎng)附近913戶居民已被疏散。
A team has been set up to investigate the blast, and Hubei will launch a province-wide blanket inspection to root out potential work safety hazards.
當(dāng)?shù)匾呀M成事故調(diào)查組，湖北省將在全省展開(kāi)安全大檢查，排除潛在安全隱患。
【詞匯講解】
Blanket這個(gè)詞我們最熟悉的意思是“毯子”，比如：an electric blanket（電熱毯），短語(yǔ)a blanket of something指“一層...”，比如： a thick blanket of snow（厚厚的一層雪）。在這里blanket用作形容詞，表示“全面的，綜合的，包括（所有人，所有事）的”，比如： a blanket ban on smoking（全面禁煙令）。
The commission and the Ministry of Emergency Management also asked local governments to better educate the public about evacuation procedures and to carry out drills so they won't panic when accidents happen.
安委會(huì)和應(yīng)急管理部要求當(dāng)?shù)卣訌?qiáng)群眾安全教育培訓(xùn)，開(kāi)展經(jīng)常性熟悉演練，防止出現(xiàn)險(xiǎn)情時(shí)手忙腳亂或不知所措。
Working groups from the central departments have been sent to guide the handling of the accident, while a national medical team has also been dispatched to Shiyan.
中央各部委已派出工作組指導(dǎo)事故處理工作，同時(shí)派醫(yī)療專家組趕赴十堰。

校外教育培訓(xùn)監(jiān)管司  department to regulate extracurricular tutoring schools
The Ministry of Education on Tuesday established a new department to regulate extracurricular tutoring schools, aiming to reduce students' excessive academic burden.
6月15日，教育部新成立校外教育培訓(xùn)監(jiān)管司，旨在為學(xué)生減負(fù)。
【詞匯講解】
這里的“監(jiān)管”用regulate來(lái)表示，是因?yàn)閞egulate強(qiáng)調(diào)“（按照法律法規(guī)）管理或指導(dǎo)（工作）”或者“為...制定規(guī)范規(guī)則”，包含了“監(jiān)督”和“管理”兩重含義，比如：The government has introduced new laws to regulate the sale of tobacco（國(guó)家頒布新法規(guī)范煙草銷售）。我們通常所說(shuō)的“行政管理”多用administer表示，這個(gè)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“管理（機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)行）”，比如：the UN will administer the country until elections can be held（選舉之前，這個(gè)國(guó)家由聯(lián)合國(guó)進(jìn)行管理）， 所以國(guó)家的一些行政管理機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱里一般都有administration這個(gè)詞，比如： State Taxation Administration（國(guó)家稅務(wù)總局），State Administration for Market Regulation（國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管總局）等。
教育部官網(wǎng)的信息顯示，校外教育培訓(xùn)監(jiān)管司的主要職責(zé)是：
承擔(dān)面向中小學(xué)生（含幼兒園兒童）的校外教育培訓(xùn)管理工作（responsible for regulating tutoring schools for kindergarten pupils, primary and secondary school students），指導(dǎo)校外教育培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)黨的建設(shè)（Party building at tutoring schools），擬訂校外教育培訓(xùn)規(guī)范管理政策（formulate regulatory policies for tutoring schools）。
會(huì)同有關(guān)方面擬訂校外教育培訓(xùn)（含線上線下）機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容、培訓(xùn)時(shí)間、人員資質(zhì)、收費(fèi)監(jiān)管等相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和制度（set out standards for the content and duration of both online and offline training, the qualifications of tutors as well as charges）并監(jiān)督執(zhí)行，組織實(shí)施校外教育培訓(xùn)綜合治理，指導(dǎo)校外教育培訓(xùn)綜合執(zhí)法。
指導(dǎo)規(guī)范面向中小學(xué)生的社會(huì)競(jìng)賽等活動(dòng)（regulate competitions and contests for primary and secondary school students）。
及時(shí)反映和處理校外教育培訓(xùn)重大問(wèn)題（deal with major problems related to after-school training）。

神舟十二號(hào)載人飛船 Shenzhou XII manned spacecraft
China launched the Shenzhou XII spacecraft, its seventh manned spaceflight, on Thursday morning, sending three astronauts to the core module of its permanent space station.The spacecraft, atop a Long March-2F carrier rocket, blasted off at 9:22 am at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwestern China.
6月17日9時(shí)22分，搭載神舟十二號(hào)載人飛船的長(zhǎng)征二號(hào)F遙十二運(yùn)載火箭，在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心點(diǎn)火發(fā)射。三名航天員將乘坐神舟十二號(hào)載人飛船到達(dá)我國(guó)永久空間站核心艙。神舟十二號(hào)載人飛船是我國(guó)第七次載人飛船任務(wù)。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
在英文報(bào)道中，無(wú)人航空飛行器、衛(wèi)星、火箭等（unmanned space vessels, satellites, rockets）的編號(hào)一般用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，而載人飛行器（manned spacecraft）的編號(hào)一般用羅馬數(shù)字，比如，“嫦娥五號(hào)”的英文是Chang'e-5，而我國(guó)首個(gè)載人飛船“神舟五號(hào)”的英文是Shenzhou V。
我們一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下羅馬數(shù)字中常用的表達(dá)方式：
1-I，2-II，3-III，4-IV，5-V
6-VI，7-VII，8-VIII，9-IX，10-X
11-XI，12-XII，13-XIII，14-XIV，15-XV
16-XVI，17-XVII，18-XVIII，19-XIX，20-XX
50-L，60-LX，70-LXX，80-LXXX，90-XC，100-C
400-CD，500-D，1000-M
按計(jì)劃，神舟十二號(hào)飛船入軌后，將采用自主快速交會(huì)對(duì)接模式對(duì)接于天和核心艙的前向端口（conduct a fast automated rendezvous and docking with the in-orbit space station core module Tianhe），與天和核心艙、天舟二號(hào)貨運(yùn)飛船形成組合體（ form a complex with Tianhe and the cargo craft Tianzhou-2）。航天員進(jìn)駐核心艙（be stationed in the core module），執(zhí)行天地同步作息制度進(jìn)行工作生活。駐留約三個(gè)月后，搭乘飛船返回艙返回東風(fēng)著陸場(chǎng)（the Dongfeng Landing Site）。
根據(jù)神舟十二號(hào)載人飛行任務(wù)總體安排，三名航天員聶海勝、劉伯明和湯洪波在軌期間將主要完成四個(gè)方面的工作，計(jì)劃開(kāi)展兩次出艙活動(dòng)（extravehicular activities）及艙外作業(yè)（extravehicular operations）。中國(guó)載人航天工程辦公室主任助理季啟明介紹，這四項(xiàng)主要任務(wù)包括：
First, they will operate and manage the complex, including the in-orbit test of the Tianhe module, verification of the recycling and life support system, testing and operation training of the robotic arm, as well as management of materials and waste.
開(kāi)展核心艙組合體的日常管理。包括天和核心艙在軌測(cè)試、再生生保系統(tǒng)驗(yàn)證、機(jī)械臂測(cè)試與操作訓(xùn)練，以及物資與廢棄物管理等。
Second, they will move, assemble and test extravehicular spacesuits and perform two extravehicular activities for work including assembling an extravehicular toolbox, lifting the panoramic camera and installing extended pump sets.
開(kāi)展出艙活動(dòng)及艙外作業(yè)。包括艙外服在軌轉(zhuǎn)移、組裝、測(cè)試，進(jìn)行兩次出艙活動(dòng)，開(kāi)展艙外工具箱的組裝、全景攝像機(jī)抬升和擴(kuò)展泵組的安裝等工作。
Third, they will carry out space science experiments and technology experiments, as well as public outreach activities.
開(kāi)展空間科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)和技術(shù)試驗(yàn)，以及有關(guān)科普教育活動(dòng)。
Fourth, they will manage their own health through daily life care, physical exercise, and regular monitoring and assessment of their own health status.
按計(jì)劃開(kāi)展日常的生活照料、身體鍛煉，定期監(jiān)測(cè)、維持與評(píng)估自身健康狀態(tài)。
按計(jì)劃，我國(guó)空間站將于2022年前后完成建造。
2021年4月29日，我國(guó)用長(zhǎng)征五號(hào)乙運(yùn)載火箭（Long March 5B heavy-lift rocket）將天和核心艙發(fā)射進(jìn)入軌道。
Based on project plans, the Tianzhou 3 cargo ship will be launched in September to dock with Tianhe and the next month, another three-crew team will fly with the Shenzhou XIII to the module to stay there for six months.
按照計(jì)劃，今年9月，將發(fā)射天舟三號(hào)貨運(yùn)飛船，升空后與天和對(duì)接；10月，另外3名航天員將搭乘神舟十三號(hào)飛船抵達(dá)核心艙，并駐留6個(gè)月。
In 2022, two large space labs will be launched to connect with the core module. Moreover, two manned missions and two robotic cargo flights will be made that year to continue construction of the Tiangong station, which is scheduled to become complete and start formal operation around the end of 2022.
2022年，將發(fā)射兩個(gè)大型太空實(shí)驗(yàn)室，與核心艙對(duì)接。之后還將發(fā)射兩次載人任務(wù)和兩次貨運(yùn)飛船任務(wù)，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)天宮空間站的建設(shè)。到2022年底，空間站有望完成組裝，開(kāi)始正式運(yùn)行。

飯圈 fans group
一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，“飯圈”粉絲群體在網(wǎng)上互撕謾罵、應(yīng)援打榜、造謠攻擊等問(wèn)題屢見(jiàn)不鮮，破壞清朗網(wǎng)絡(luò)生態(tài)，對(duì)未成年人身心健康造成不利影響，人民群眾反映強(qiáng)烈。
The Cyberspace Administration of China kicked off a two-month nationwide campaign this month to purify the online environment after it found that some netizens had lured youngsters to spend large amounts of money on stars, flaunt their wealth or become involved in mudslinging exchanges with fans of rival performers.
因網(wǎng)絡(luò)上誘導(dǎo)未成年人應(yīng)援集資、攀比炫富、侮辱誹謗等問(wèn)題突出，中央網(wǎng)信辦決定本月起在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)開(kāi)展為期2個(gè)月的“清朗·‘飯圈’亂象整治”專項(xiàng)行動(dòng)。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
“飯圈”是粉絲圈子的簡(jiǎn)稱，指粉絲群體（fans group），這里的“飯”=“粉絲”，由英文單詞fans音譯而來(lái)。
這里的mudsling指“Make malicious or scandalous allegations about an opponent with the aim of damaging their reputation”，即“惡意指責(zé)或誹謗對(duì)手，以達(dá)到破壞其名譽(yù)的目的”，相當(dāng)于中文里的“抹黑、誹謗”等意思，跟slander、smear意思相近。
此次行動(dòng)重點(diǎn)打擊以下5類“飯圈”亂象行為：
Luring youngsters to spend large amounts of money supporting and voting for their idols in order to boost their popularity;
一是誘導(dǎo)未成年人應(yīng)援集資、高額消費(fèi)、投票打榜等行為；
Trolling, slandering, mudslinging, cyber hunting, and other forms of privacy infringement;
二是“飯圈”粉絲互撕謾罵、拉踩引戰(zhàn)、造謠攻擊、人肉搜索、侵犯隱私等行為；
Inciting fans to flaunt wealth or indulge in luxury;
三是鼓動(dòng)“飯圈”粉絲攀比炫富、奢靡享樂(lè)等行為；
Organizing fans, hiring paid posters or manipulating multiple social media acounts to slander or support stars by posting or deleting online comments;
四是以號(hào)召粉絲、雇用網(wǎng)絡(luò)水軍、“養(yǎng)號(hào)”形式刷量控評(píng)等行為；
Influencing public opinions through newsjacking or hyping, disturbing public communications.
五是通過(guò)“蹭熱點(diǎn)”、制造話題等形式干擾輿論，影響傳播秩序行為。
行動(dòng)開(kāi)始以來(lái)，騰訊、抖音、豆瓣、新浪微博等多個(gè)平臺(tái)均發(fā)布公告，開(kāi)始清理各類亂象。
Sina Weibo, a Twitter-like platform, has banned netizens from using words such as gossip or onlooker in their nicknames when registering web accounts and has also increased supervision of posts involving entertainment idols.
新浪微博禁止用戶在昵稱中使用“八組”、“瓜組”等字眼，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)對(duì)娛樂(lè)圈偶像相關(guān)帖文的管理。
Statistics provided by the platform showed that more than 3,700 pieces of information involving arguments between followers of different celebrities were eliminated from June 4 to 11, and 13 accounts were prohibited from posting for 30 days due to improper behavior.
新浪微博提供的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，6月4日至11日，該平臺(tái)共刪除3700余條粉絲互撕謾罵的帖文，13個(gè)賬號(hào)因違規(guī)行為被禁言30天。
Douban, a popular site that features reviews of movies and television series, said its major focus is combating those who lure youngsters to raise money to support idols.
主打影視劇評(píng)論的豆瓣平臺(tái)表示，清理行動(dòng)主要整治誘導(dǎo)青少年集資應(yīng)援的行為。
中央網(wǎng)信辦有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示，專項(xiàng)行動(dòng)將強(qiáng)化明星經(jīng)紀(jì)公司、粉絲團(tuán)規(guī)范管理，在引導(dǎo)青少年理性追星（follow celebrities in a rational manner）上協(xié)同發(fā)力，探索形成規(guī)范“飯圈”管理的長(zhǎng)效工作機(jī)制（a long-term mechanism to regulate the activities of fans groups），推動(dòng)“飯圈”文化實(shí)現(xiàn)良性發(fā)展，共同營(yíng)造文明健康的網(wǎng)上精神家園。

建黨百年紀(jì)念幣 commemorative coins to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China
中國(guó)人民銀行定于6月21日起陸續(xù)發(fā)行中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年紀(jì)念幣一套（a set of commemorative coins to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China）。
The set has 9 coins, including three in gold, five in silver, and one copper-alloy coin, and all the commemorative coins are the nation's legal tenders, according to the People's Bank of China.
中國(guó)人民銀行介紹，該套紀(jì)念幣共9枚，其中金質(zhì)紀(jì)念幣3枚，銀質(zhì)紀(jì)念幣5枚，雙色銅合金紀(jì)念幣1枚，均為中華人民共和國(guó)法定貨幣。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
“紀(jì)念幣”用英文commemorative coins 表示，是一個(gè)國(guó)家為紀(jì)念國(guó)際或本國(guó)的政治、歷史、文化等方面的重大事件、杰出人物、 名勝古跡、珍稀動(dòng)植物、體育賽事等而發(fā)行的紀(jì)念硬幣，一般為精制，限量發(fā)行。Commemorative表示“紀(jì)念性的”，如紀(jì)念柱（commemorative column）、紀(jì)念郵票（commemorative stamp）、紀(jì)念封（commemorative cover）等。
中國(guó)人民銀行于1991年、2011年分別發(fā)行了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立70周年、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立90周年普通紀(jì)念幣。中國(guó)人民銀行副行長(zhǎng)范一飛介紹：
The special commemorative coins are designed for the centenary of the CPC, with the highest specification and the largest number of various types in a set, compared with previously issued coins of similar commemorative themes.
與前兩次同題材紀(jì)念幣發(fā)行相比，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年紀(jì)念幣的規(guī)格最高、品種最多。
【詞匯講解】
Centenary讀作[sen'ten?ri]，可以用作形容詞或名詞表示“the hundredth anniversary of a significant event”（某個(gè)重大事件一百周年紀(jì)念），比如時(shí)政報(bào)道中經(jīng)常提到的“兩個(gè)一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)就是Two Centenary Goals，具體來(lái)說(shuō)就是在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立100年時(shí)全面建成小康社會(huì)（complete a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC），在新中國(guó)成立100年時(shí)把我國(guó)建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧美麗的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)（develop China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the centenary of the PRC）。
此套紀(jì)念幣緊密圍繞中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年慶祝活動(dòng)這一主題，既有深沉厚重的歷史積淀，又有喜慶熱烈的節(jié)日氛圍。
據(jù)介紹，紀(jì)念幣圖案既有代表中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立的上海中共一大會(huì)址（the site of the first CPC National Congress in Shanghai）、浙江嘉興南湖紅船（the red boat on Nanhu Lake in Jiaxing, Zhejiang），又有中國(guó)天眼（FAST）、高鐵（high-speed railways）等具有代表性的國(guó)家最新成就和象征未來(lái)發(fā)展的元素，還有展現(xiàn)百年光輝歷程的群雕、漆壁畫等。
中國(guó)工商銀行、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行、中國(guó)銀行、中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行、交通銀行、華夏銀行、浦發(fā)銀行、中國(guó)郵政儲(chǔ)蓄銀行將共同承擔(dān)中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年雙色銅合金紀(jì)念幣的預(yù)約兌換工作。
預(yù)約承辦銀行將于8月31日至9月4日同時(shí)辦理兩批次的預(yù)約業(yè)務(wù)。公眾可通過(guò)預(yù)約承辦銀行官方網(wǎng)站等線上渠道或到網(wǎng)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行預(yù)約登記。

航天食品 space food
6月17日18時(shí)48分，航天員聶海勝、劉伯明、湯洪波先后進(jìn)入天和核心艙，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)人首次進(jìn)入自己的空間站。在空間站駐留3個(gè)月期間，航天員們都吃什么呢？
There are more than 120 kinds of food and beverages inside the core module, named Tianhe, or Harmony of Heavens. These carefully selected food and beverages are nutritionally balanced, taste good and can be kept for a long time.
天和核心艙有120多種食品和飲品。這些食物都是精心挑選的，營(yíng)養(yǎng)均衡、美味可口、保存期限長(zhǎng)。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
雖然“太空食堂”的食品種類多，但每種都是嚴(yán)格按照航天食品（space food）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件研制生產(chǎn)的。
首先，航天食品要求營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富且均衡（nutritionally balanced）。
第二，要求“一口吃”（in bite size）。最好是固態(tài)、無(wú)骨、小塊且全部可食的（in small solid cubes and boneless），不能有殘?jiān)╪o crumbs），不能留下太多難以處理的餐余垃圾（no food residue）。
第三，必須盡量保證航天員的食欲（have a good appetite）。
中國(guó)載人航天工程航天員系統(tǒng)總設(shè)計(jì)師黃偉芬介紹：
The food and beverages have been divided into weekly breakfast, lunch and supper menus, and the menus were made based on personal flavor preferences gathered through a survey before the astronauts set out on their mission.
核心艙的食物按周列入早餐、午餐及晚餐菜單，這些菜單是根據(jù)航天員出發(fā)之前的個(gè)人口味調(diào)查安排的。
Sources with knowledge of the survey said that astronauts in the Shenzhou XII mission and crews for the next three spaceflights were invited to taste hundreds of specially prepared foods and beverages and then score them.
調(diào)查相關(guān)人員表示，神舟十二及后續(xù)三次飛行任務(wù)的航天員受邀對(duì)數(shù)百種特制食物進(jìn)行品嘗并打分。
According to the survey, most Chinese astronauts have a preference for Sichuan-style spicy food. In addition, compared with sweet-and-sour sauces, spicy sauces are always the first to be used up, the sources said.
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，大部分中國(guó)航天員喜歡吃辣味川菜，酸甜醬和辣醬中，辣醬通常是最先吃完的。

碳排放交易 carbon emission trading
6月22日，上海環(huán)境能源交易所發(fā)布的《關(guān)于全國(guó)碳排放權(quán)交易相關(guān)事項(xiàng)的公告》明確，全國(guó)碳排放權(quán)交易機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)組織開(kāi)展全國(guó)碳排放權(quán)集中統(tǒng)一交易。
The Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange will be responsible for opening accounts and the operation of the national carbon emission trading system, according to the announcement.
公告指出，上海環(huán)境能源交易所將承擔(dān)全國(guó)碳排放權(quán)交易系統(tǒng)賬戶開(kāi)立和運(yùn)行維護(hù)等具體工作。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
碳排放交易（carbon emission trading），是指《京都議定書(the Kyoto Protocol)》為促進(jìn)全球溫室氣體減排（reduce greenhouse gas emissions），以國(guó)際公法作為依據(jù)的溫室氣體排放減量交易。這種交易以每噸二氧化碳當(dāng)量為計(jì)算單位，所以通稱為“碳交易（carbon exchange）”，其交易市場(chǎng)稱為碳市（carbon market）。
建立這種機(jī)制的目的在于減少碳排放（carbon emissions），降低能耗（energy consumption）以及碳濃度（carbon intensity）。碳交易機(jī)制遵循的是“總量控制和交易原則”（cap-and-trade rules），各地依照其空氣質(zhì)量改善目標(biāo)為企業(yè)配給排放權(quán)額度（carbon emission quota），并規(guī)范其逐年應(yīng)削減的排放量比例、達(dá)成的目標(biāo)年等，企業(yè)取得排放權(quán)額度后，便可根據(jù)自身減排情況購(gòu)買或出售配額。
交易方式
Based on Chinese emissions allowances, a standard set by the State Council in late 2017, the national carbon trading system allows trading modes including listing trading by agreement, bulk trading by agreement and one-way bidding.
根據(jù)國(guó)務(wù)院2017年底設(shè)定的中國(guó)碳排放權(quán)配額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，全國(guó)碳排放權(quán)交易系統(tǒng)可以采取掛牌協(xié)議交易、大宗協(xié)議交易或單向競(jìng)價(jià)等交易方式。
掛牌協(xié)議交易漲跌幅為10%
The transaction price for listing trading will be able to fluctuate by a maximum of 10 percent according to the closing price on the previous trading day, with the minimum declaration amount for bulk trading set at 100,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide and the fluctuation range of the transaction price set at 30 percent.
掛牌協(xié)議交易的成交價(jià)格在上一個(gè)交易日收盤價(jià)的±10%之間確定。對(duì)于大宗協(xié)議交易，單筆買賣最小申報(bào)數(shù)量應(yīng)當(dāng)不小于10萬(wàn)噸二氧化碳當(dāng)量。大宗協(xié)議交易的成交價(jià)格在上一個(gè)交易日收盤價(jià)的±30％之間確定。
Market entities applying for one-way bidding can purchase emission allowances from counterparts, with the bidding information released by the exchange.
申請(qǐng)單向競(jìng)買的市場(chǎng)主體可向其他市場(chǎng)主體購(gòu)買碳排放配額，競(jìng)買信息由交易機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)布。

火星車 Mars rover
6月27日，國(guó)家航天局發(fā)布我國(guó)天問(wèn)一號(hào)火星探測(cè)任務(wù)著陸和巡視探測(cè)系列實(shí)拍影像。
The clips recorded the Tianwen 1's landing rover deploying its parachute and descending to the Martian surface, and its Mars rover Zhurong driving away from its landing platform and moving over the surface of Mars.
視頻片段記錄了天問(wèn)一號(hào)著陸巡視器開(kāi)傘和下降過(guò)程、祝融號(hào)火星車駛離著陸平臺(tái)及火星表面移動(dòng)過(guò)程。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
2020年4月24日，國(guó)家航天局公布：中國(guó)行星探測(cè)任務(wù)（planetary exploration missions）被命名為“天問(wèn)（Tianwen）系列”，首次火星探測(cè)任務(wù)（first Mars exploration mission）被命名為“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”，后續(xù)行星任務(wù)依次編號(hào)?！疤靻?wèn)”來(lái)自中國(guó)偉大詩(shī)人屈原的長(zhǎng)詩(shī)《天問(wèn)》?！疤靻?wèn)”這個(gè)名字表達(dá)了中華民族對(duì)于真理追求的堅(jiān)韌與執(zhí)著（the Chinese nation's perseverance in pursuing truth），體現(xiàn)了對(duì)自然和宇宙空間探索的文化傳承（culture of exploring nature and the universe）。
The ambient sound during the process of Zhurong's rolling onto the Martian surface was also published, enabling people to hear the first sounds transmitted from the Chinese robot.
祝融號(hào)踏上火星表面全過(guò)程的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聲音也同時(shí)發(fā)布，讓人們能夠聽(tīng)到中國(guó)火星車首次傳回地球的聲音。
The images include the Martian landscape and the ruts left behind by the rover.
影像包括火星全局環(huán)境感知圖像、火星車車轍圖像等。
2021年4月24日，國(guó)家航天局正式公布我國(guó)首輛火星車命名為“祝融”，全稱“祝融號(hào)”。
Zhurong is the god of fire in ancient Chinese mythology. Literally, Zhu (meaning wish) expresses the good wishes for humankind's exploration of the universe. Rong (meaning integration and cooperation) reflects China's vision of the peaceful use of space and the building of a community with a shared future for humanity.
祝融是中國(guó)上古神話中的火神?！白！?，表達(dá)了對(duì)人類踏進(jìn)星辰大海的美好祝愿，“融”，體現(xiàn)融合、協(xié)作，表達(dá)中國(guó)人和平利用太空、增進(jìn)人類福祉的格局和愿景。
Fire brought warmth and brightness to the ancestors of humankind, and fire lit up human civilization. The naming is intended to represent the rover's symbolic task to ignite the hope of China's inter-planetary exploration, encourage humanity's relentless adventure into the immense universe, and urge mankind to keep pursuing self-transcendence
火的應(yīng)用促進(jìn)了人類文明的發(fā)展，驅(qū)散黑暗、帶來(lái)溫暖。將首輛火星車命名為祝融號(hào)，寓意點(diǎn)燃我國(guó)行星際探測(cè)的火種，指引人類對(duì)浩瀚星空、宇宙未知的接續(xù)探索和自我超越。
With an expected life span of three months, the 240-kilogram Zhurong is tasked with surveying Mars' landforms, geological structures, soil characteristics, potential locations of water and ice, and atmospheric and environmental characteristics, as well as magnetic and gravitational fields and other physical properties.
祝融號(hào)火星車重240公斤，設(shè)計(jì)壽命3個(gè)月，任務(wù)是研究火星形貌與地質(zhì)構(gòu)造特征、火星表面土壤特征與水冰分布、火星大氣電離層及表面氣候與環(huán)境特征、火星物理場(chǎng)與內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)等。
As of the morning of June 27, the orbiter around Mars for 338 days, and its Earth-Mars distance is approximately 360 million km. The Mars rover Zhurong has been working on Mars for 42 Martian days and has driven a total of 236 meters.of the Tianwen-1 mission has been operating

截至6月27日早晨，天問(wèn)一號(hào)環(huán)繞器在軌運(yùn)行338天，地火距離3.6億千米，祝融號(hào)火星車已在火星表面工作42個(gè)火星日，累計(jì)行駛236米。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
火星日（Martian day）平均為 24 小時(shí) 39 分 35.244 秒，或 1.027 地球日?；鹦枪D(zhuǎn)周期（the revolution period of Mars）為 1.88 地球年，687 地球日，或 668.6 火星日。
Zhurong will continue its movement, detection, and scientific exploration missions as planned.
后續(xù)，火星車將繼續(xù)按計(jì)劃開(kāi)展移動(dòng)、感知、科學(xué)探測(cè)。
The orbiter will continue to operate in a relay orbit, providing relay communication for the rover's scientific exploration while conducting its own scientific detection operations.
環(huán)繞器繼續(xù)運(yùn)行在中繼軌道，為火星車巡視探測(cè)提供中繼通信，并開(kāi)展環(huán)繞探測(cè)。

七一勛章 July 1 Medal
慶祝中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立100周年“七一勛章”頒授儀式于6月29日上午10時(shí)在人民大會(huì)堂隆重舉行。
Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, presented the July 1 Medal to 29 outstanding CPC members.
中共中央總書記習(xí)近平為29名“七一勛章”獲得者頒授勛章。
The July 1 Medal, established by the CPC Central Committee, is the highest honor in the Party.
“七一勛章”由中共中央設(shè)立，是黨內(nèi)最高榮譽(yù)。
“七一勛章”是以樸素、莊重為主要設(shè)計(jì)理念，以紅色、金色、白色為主色調(diào)（with red, gold and white as its main colors），使用冷壓成型、花絲鑲嵌、彩絲織錦等工藝制作。章體采用黨徽（the Party emblem）、五角星（the five-pointed star）、旗幟（flags）、豐碑與光芒、向日葵（sunflowers）、大山大河（mountains and rivers）、如意祥云等元素。
“七一勛章”使用織物綬帶（ attached to a fabric ribbon），采用向日葵、光芒、星光等元素（elements such as sunflowers, rays of light and starlight）。寓意在黨的陽(yáng)光沐浴下，勛章獲得者一心向黨，全心全意為人民服務(wù)，不忘初心、牢記使命、砥礪前行。
The recipients included teachers, soldiers, community workers and professionals in the arts and science.
“七一勛章”獲得者有教師、士兵、社區(qū)工作者以及文藝和科技領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人員。
習(xí)近平總書記在頒授儀式上發(fā)表重要講話，以下為雙語(yǔ)要點(diǎn)：
- The CPC has written a splendid chapter in the history of the Chinese nation's development and that of humanity's progress over the past century.
一百年來(lái)，我們黨在中華民族發(fā)展史和人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步史上寫下了壯麗篇章。
- Generations of Chinese Communists have fought tenaciously for national independence and liberation, for prosperity and strength of the country, and for the happiness of the people.
一代又一代中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人，為贏得民族獨(dú)立和人民解放、實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家富強(qiáng)和人民幸福，前仆后繼、浴血奮戰(zhàn)。
今天受到表彰的“七一勛章”獲得者，就是各條戰(zhàn)線黨員中的杰出代表。在他們身上，生動(dòng)體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人堅(jiān)定信念、踐行宗旨、拼搏奉獻(xiàn)、廉潔奉公的高尚品質(zhì)和崇高精神。
Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the Chinese Communists' quality and spirit of maintaining staunch faith, which is to stay true to the original aspiration and dedicate everything, even the precious life, to the cause of the Party and people.
——堅(jiān)定信念，就是堅(jiān)持不忘初心、不移其志，為黨和人民事業(yè)奉獻(xiàn)自己的一切乃至寶貴生命。
- Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the fundamental tenet of Chinese Communists, which is putting the people at the very center of their hearts, and wholeheartedly serving the people.
——踐行宗旨，就是心中裝著人民，工作為了人民，一心一意為百姓造福。
- Recipients of the July 1 Medal embody the fighting and dedication spirit of Chinese Communists, who make dedicating themselves to the Party and the country and fulfilling their duties a lifelong pursuit.
——拼搏奉獻(xiàn)，就是把許黨報(bào)國(guó)、履職盡責(zé)作為人生目標(biāo)。
- The July 1 Medal recipients embody the Chinese Communists' integrity and devotion. Such quality and spirit represent the glorious CPC traditions of hard work and plain living, as well as putting public interests above personal interests.
——廉潔奉公，就是保持共產(chǎn)黨人艱苦樸素、公而忘私的光榮傳統(tǒng)。
- July 1 Medal recipients are heroes coming from and deeply rooted in the people. The recipients are ordinary heroes that fulfill their duties and make quiet contributions. Their deeds can be followed and their spirit can be pursued.
“七一勛章”獲得者都來(lái)自人民、植根人民，是立足本職、默默奉獻(xiàn)的平凡英雄。他們的事跡可學(xué)可做，他們的精神可追可及。
- CPC members and officials should boldly advance toward the second centenary goal of fully building a modern socialist country, as well as the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
廣大黨員、干部不懈奮斗，永遠(yuǎn)奮斗，在全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家新征程上，向著第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)、向著中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)奮勇前進(jìn)！

高校學(xué)生資助熱線電話 hotlines for inquiries on college financial-aid programs
6月29日，教育部開(kāi)通2021年高校學(xué)生資助熱線電話（hotlines for inquiries on college financial-aid programs），電話號(hào)碼為010-66097980、010-66096590。
This marks the 17th year in a row that the Ministry of Education has opened such hotlines for inquiries and complaints regarding the country's financial-aid policies for college students.
今年是教育部連續(xù)第17年開(kāi)通高校學(xué)生資助熱線電話，受理高校學(xué)生國(guó)家資助政策的咨詢和有關(guān)投訴建議。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
目前，國(guó)家已經(jīng)建立了覆蓋各教育階段、各級(jí)各類學(xué)校、所有家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生的資助政策體系（a financial assistance system covering all students from disadvantaged backgrounds at all levels of education）。在高等教育階段，國(guó)家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金（national scholarship）、國(guó)家勵(lì)志獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金（national endeavor scholarship）、國(guó)家助學(xué)金（national grant）、國(guó)家助學(xué)貸款（national student loans）、新生入學(xué)資助（tuition assistance for freshmen）、勤工助學(xué)（part-time jobs for students）、學(xué)費(fèi)減免（tuition reduction or exemption）、補(bǔ)償代償、“綠色通道”等多種資助方式并舉，確保高校家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生順利入學(xué)并完成學(xué)業(yè)。
教育部表示，為了更好服務(wù)家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)，熱線電話受理時(shí)間將延長(zhǎng)。
In addition to daily operations from 8 am to 8 pm during the summer vacation, as in previous years, this year will see extended hotline operations on working days throughout the year starting from Sept 16, the ministry said.
今年熱線電話除在暑期集中受理外，從9月16日起將在每個(gè)工作日常年開(kāi)通。
Education authorities and universities across the country are also required to open hotlines to provide information on financial aid.
各地教育管理部門以及高校均應(yīng)開(kāi)通熱線電話提供資助信息。
教育部特別提醒學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)：
Scammers normally search for targets around school opening days. The ministry urged students to stay vigilant against frauds of any kind and get information on financial aid from education authorities and colleges in order to avoid losses.
開(kāi)學(xué)前后是詐騙高發(fā)期，一定要通過(guò)教育部門和高校等正式渠道咨詢學(xué)生資助政策，提高警惕，謹(jǐn)防詐騙，避免造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。