中華人民共和國刑法（中英文翻譯）

中華人民共和國刑法
CRIMINAL LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
第一編 總則
PART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS
第一章 刑法的任務、基本原則和適用范圍
CHAPTER I THE AIM, BASIC PRINCIPLES AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE
第一條 為了懲罰犯罪，保護人民，根據(jù)憲法，結合我國同犯罪作斗爭的具體經(jīng)驗及實際情況，制定本法。
Article 1 In order to punish crimes and protect the people, this Law is enacted on the basis of the Constitution and in the light of the concrete experiences and actual circumstances in China's fight against crimes.
　第二條 中華人民共和國刑法的任務，是用刑罰同一切犯罪行為作斗爭，以保衛(wèi)國家安全，保衛(wèi)人民民主專政的政權和社會主義制度，保護國有財產(chǎn)和勞動群眾集體所有的財產(chǎn)，保護公民私人所有的財產(chǎn)，保護公民的人身權利、民主權利和其他權利，維護社會秩序、經(jīng)濟秩序，保障社會主義建設事業(yè)的順利進行。
Article 2 The aim of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China is to use criminal punishments to fight against all criminal acts in order to safeguard security of the State, to defend the State power of the people's democratic dictatorship and the socialist system, to protect property owned by the State, and property collectively owned by the working people and property privately owned by citizens, to protect citizens' rights of the person and their democratic and other rights, to maintain public and economic order, and to ensure the smooth progress of socialist construction.
　第三條 法律明文規(guī)定為犯罪行為的，依照法律定罪處刑；法律沒有明文規(guī)定為犯罪行為的，不得定罪處刑。
Article 3 For acts that are explicitly defined as criminal acts in law, the offenders shall be convicted and punished in accordance with law; otherwise, they shall not be convicted or punished.
　第四條 對任何人犯罪，在適用法律上一律平等。不允許任何人有超越法律的特權。
Article 4 The law shall be equally applied to anyone who commits a crime. No one shall have the privilege of transcending the law.
　第五條 刑罰的輕重，應當與犯罪分子所犯罪行和承擔的刑事責任相適應。
Article 5 The degree of punishment shall be commensurate with the crime committed and the criminal responsibility to be borne by the offender.
　第六條 凡在中華人民共和國領域內犯罪的，除法律有特別規(guī)定的以外，都適用本法。
Article 6 This Law shall be applicable to anyone who commits a crime within the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's republic of China, except as otherwise specifically provided by law.
　　凡在中華人民共和國船舶或者航空器內犯罪的，也適用本法。
This Law shall also be applicable to anyone who commits a crime on board a ship or aircraft of the People's Republic of China.
　　犯罪的行為或者結果有一項發(fā)生在中華人民共和國領域內的，就認為是在中華人民共和國領域內犯罪。
If a criminal act or its consequence takes place within the territory or territorial waters or space of the People's Republic of China, the crime shall be deemed to have been committed within the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's Republic of China.
第七條 中華人民共和國公民在中華人民共和國領域外犯本法規(guī)定之罪的，適用本法，但是按本法規(guī)定的最高刑為三年以下有期徒刑的，可以不予追究。
Article 7 This Law shall be applicable to any citizen of the People's Republic of China who commits a crime prescribed in this Law outside the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's Republic of China; however, if the maximum punishment to be imposed is fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years as stipulated in this Law, he may be exempted from the investigation for his criminal responsibility.
　　中華人民共和國國家工作人員和軍人在中華人民共和國領域外犯本法規(guī)定之罪的，適用本法。
This Law shall be applicable to any State functionary or serviceman who commits a crime prescribed in this Law outside the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's Republic of China.
　第八條 外國人在中華人民共和國領域外對中華人民共和國國家或者公民犯罪，而按本法規(guī)定的最低刑為三年以上有期徒刑的，可以適用本法，但是按照犯罪地的法律不受處罰的除外。
Article 8 This Law may be applicable to any foreigner who commits a crime outside the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's Republic of China against the State of the People's Republic of China or against any of its citizens, if for that crime this Law prescribes a minimum punishment of fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years; however, this does not apply to a crime that is not punishable according to the laws of the place where it is committed.
　第九條 對于中華人民共和國締結或者參加的國際條約所規(guī)定的罪行，中華人民共和國在所承擔條約義務的范圍內行使刑事管轄權的，適用本法。
Article 9 This Law shall be applicable to crimes which are stipulated in international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China and over which the People's Republic of China exercises criminal jurisdiction within the scope of obligations, prescribed in these treaties, it agrees to perform.
　第十條 凡在中華人民共和國領域外犯罪，依照本法應當負刑事責任的，雖然經(jīng)過外國審判，仍然可以依照本法追究，但是在外國已經(jīng)受過刑罰處罰的，可以免除或者減輕處罰。
Article 10 Any person who commits a crime outside the territory and territorial waters and space of the People's Republic of China, for which according to this Law he should bear criminal responsibility, may still be investigated for his criminal responsibility according to this Law, even if he has already been tried in a foreign country. However, if he has already received criminal punishment in the foreign country, he may be exempted from punishment or given a mitigated punishment.
　第十一條 享有外交特權和豁免權的外國人的刑事責任，通過外交途徑解決。
Article 11 The criminal responsibility of foreigners who enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities shall be solved through diplomatic channels.
　第十二條 中華人民共和國成立以后本法施行以前的行為，如果當時的法律不認為是犯罪的，適用當時的法律；如果當時的法律認為是犯罪的，依照本法總則第四章第八節(jié)的規(guī)定應當追訴的，按照當時的法律追究刑事責任，但是如果本法不認為是犯罪或者處刑較輕的，適用本法。
Article 12 If an act committed after the founding of the People's Republic of China and before the entry into force of this Law was not deemed a crime under the laws at the time, those laws shall apply.  If the act was deemed a crime under the laws in force at the time and is subject to prosecution under the provisions of Section 8, Chapter IV of the General Provisions of this Law, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with those laws. However, if according to this Law the act is not deemed a crime or is subject to a lighter punishment, this Law shall apply.
　　本法施行以前，依照當時的法律已經(jīng)作出的生效判決，繼續(xù)有效。
Before the entry into force of this Law, any judgment that has been made and has become effective according to the laws at the time shall remain valid.
第一節(jié) 犯罪和刑事責任
SECTION 1 CRIMES AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
　第十三條 一切危害國家主權、領土完整和安全，分裂國家、顛覆人民民主專政的政權和推翻社會主義制度，破壞社會秩序和經(jīng)濟秩序，侵犯國有財產(chǎn)或者勞動群眾集體所有的財產(chǎn)，侵犯公民私人所有的財產(chǎn)，侵犯公民的人身權利、民主權利和其他權利，以及其他危害社會的行為，依照法律應當受刑罰處罰的，都是犯罪，但是情節(jié)顯著輕微危害不大的，不認為是犯罪。
Article 13 A crime refers to an act that endangers the sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of the State, splits the State, subverts the State power of the people's democratic dictatorship and overthrows the socialist system, undermines public and economic order, violates State-owned property, property collectively owned by the working people, or property privately owned by citizens, infringes on the citizens' rights of the person, their democratic or other rights, and any other act that endangers society and is subject to punishment according to law. However, if the circumstances are obviously minor and the harm done is not serious, the act shall not be considered a crime.
　第十四條 明知自己的行為會發(fā)生危害社會的結果，并且希望或者放任這種結果發(fā)生，因而構成犯罪的，是故意犯罪。
Article 14 An intentional crime refers to an act committed by a person who clearly knows that his act will entail harmful consequences to society but who wishes or allows such consequences to occur, thus constituting a crime.
　　故意犯罪，應當負刑事責任。
Criminal responsibility shall be borne for intentional crimes.
　第十五條 應當預見自己的行為可能發(fā)生危害社會的結果，因為疏忽大意而沒有預見，或者已經(jīng)預見而輕信能夠避免，以致發(fā)生這種結果的，是過失犯罪。
Article 15 A negligent crime refers to an act committed by a person who should have foreseen that his act would possibly entail harmful consequences to society but who fails to do so through his negligence or, having foreseen the consequences, readily believes that they can be avoided, so that the consequences do occur.
　　過失犯罪，法律有規(guī)定的才負刑事責任。
Criminal responsibility shall be borne for negligent crimes only when the law so provides.
　第十六條 行為在客觀上雖然造成了損害結果，但是不是出于故意或者過失，而是由于不能抗拒或者不能預見的原因所引起的，不是犯罪。
Article 16 An act is not a crime if it objectively results in harmful consequences due to irresistible or unforeseeable causes rather than intent or negligence.
　第十七條 已滿十六周歲的人犯罪，應當負刑事責任。
Article 17 If a person who has reached the age of 16 commits a crime, he shall bear criminal responsibility.
　　已滿十四周歲不滿十六周歲的人，犯故意殺人、故意傷害致人重傷或者死亡、強奸、搶劫、販賣毒品、放火、爆炸、投毒罪的，應當負刑事責任。
If a person who has reached the age of 14 but not the age of 16 commits intentional homicide, intentionally hurts another person so as to cause serious injury or death of the person, or commits rape, robbery, drug- trafficking, arson, explosion or poisoning, he shall bear criminal responsibility.
　　已滿十四周歲不滿十八周歲的人犯罪，應當從輕或者減輕處罰。
If a person who has reached the age of 14 but not the age of 18 commits a crime, he shall be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.
　　因不滿十六周歲不予刑事處罰的，責令他的家長或者監(jiān)護人加以管教；在必要的時候，也可以由政府收容教養(yǎng)。
If a person is not given criminal punishment because he has not reached the age of 16, the head of his family or his guardian shall be ordered to discipline him. When necessary, he may be taken in by the government for rehabilitation.
第十八條 精神病人在不能辨認或者不能控制自己行為的時候造成危害結果，經(jīng)法定程序鑒定確認的，不負刑事責任，但是應當責令他的家屬或者監(jiān)護人嚴加看管和醫(yī)療；在必要的時候，由政府強制醫(yī)療。
Article 18 If a mental patient causes harmful consequences at a time when he is unable to recognize or control his own conduct, upon verification and confirmation through legal procedure, he shall not bear criminal responsibility, but his family members or guardian shall be ordered to keep him under strict watch and control and arrange for his medical treatment.  When necessary, the government may compel him to receive medical treatment.
　　間歇性的精神病人在精神正常的時候犯罪，應當負刑事責任。
Any person whose mental illness is of an intermittent nature shall bear criminal responsibility if he commits a crime when he is in a normal mental state.
　　尚未完全喪失辨認或者控制自己行為能力的精神病人犯罪的，應當負刑事責任，但是可以從輕或者減輕處罰。
If a mental patient who has not completely lost the ability of recognizing or controlling his own conduct commits a crime, he shall bear criminal responsibility; however, he may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.
　　醉酒的人犯罪，應當負刑事責任。
Any intoxicated person who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.
　第十九條 又聾又啞的人或者盲人犯罪，可以從輕、減輕或者免除處罰。
Article 19 Any deaf-mute or blind person who commits a crime may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.
　第二十條 為了使國家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、財產(chǎn)和其他權利免受正在進行的不法侵害，而采取的制止不法侵害的行為，對不法侵害人造成損害的，屬于正當防衛(wèi)，不負刑事責任。
Article 20 An act that a person commits to stop an unlawful infringement in order to prevent the interests of the State and the public, or his own or other person's rights of the person, property or other rights from being infringed upon by the on-going infringement, thus harming the perpetrator, is justifiable defence, and he shall not bear criminal responsibility.
　　正當防衛(wèi)明顯超過必要限度造成重大損害的，應當負刑事責任，但是應當減輕或者免除處罰。
If a person's act of justifiable defence obviously exceeds the limits of necessity and causes serious damage, he shall bear criminal responsibility; however, he shall be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.
　　對正在進行行兇、殺人、搶劫、強奸、綁架以及其他嚴重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪，采取防衛(wèi)行為，造成不法侵害人傷亡的，不屬于防衛(wèi)過當，不負刑事責任。
If a person acts in defence against an on-going assault, murder, robbery, rape, kidnap or any other crime of violence that seriously endangers his personal safety, thus causing injury or death to the perpetrator of the unlawful act, it is not undue defence, and he shall not bear criminal responsibility.
　第二十一條 為了使國家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、財產(chǎn)和其他權利免受正在發(fā)生的危險，不得已采取的緊急避險行為，造成損害的，不負刑事責任?！　?/span>
Article 21 If a person is compelled to commit an act in an emergency to avert an immediate danger to the interests of the State or the public, or his own or another person's rights of the person, property or other rights, thus causing damage, he shall not bear criminal responsibility.
緊急避險超過必要限度造成不應有的損害的，應當負刑事責任，但是應當減輕或者免除處罰。
If the act committed by a person in an emergency to avert danger exceeds the limits of necessity and causes undue damage, he shall bear criminal responsibility; however, he shall be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.
　第一款中關于避免本人危險的規(guī)定，不適用于職務上、業(yè)務上負有特定責任的人。
The provisions of the first paragraph of this Article with respect to averting danger to oneself shall not apply to a person who is charged with special responsibility in his post or profession.
第二節(jié) 犯罪的預備、未遂和中止
SECTION 2 PREPARATION FOR A CRIME, CRIMINAL ATTEMPT AND DISCONTINUATION
　第二十二條 為了犯罪，準備工具、制造條件的，是犯罪預備。
Article 22 Preparation for a crime refers to the preparation of the instruments or the creation of the conditions for a crime.
　　對于預備犯，可以比照既遂犯從輕、減輕處罰或者免除處罰。
An offender who prepares for a crime may, in comparison with one who completes the crime, be given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.
　第二十三條 已經(jīng)著手實行犯罪，由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因而未得逞的，是犯罪未遂。
Article 23 A criminal attempt refers to a case where an offender has already started to commit a crime but is prevented from completing it for reasons independent of his will.
　　對于未遂犯，可以比照既遂犯從輕或者減輕處罰。
An offender who attempts to commit a crime may, in comparison with one who completes the crime, be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.
　第二十四條 在犯罪過程中，自動放棄犯罪或者自動有效地防止犯罪結果發(fā)生的，是犯罪中止。
Article 24 Discontinuation of a crime refers to a case where, in the course of committing a crime, the offender voluntarily discontinues the crime or voluntarily and effectively prevents the consequences of the crime from occurring.
　　對于中止犯，沒有造成損害的，應當免除處罰；造成損害的，應當減輕處罰。
An offender who discontinues a crime shall, if no damage is caused, be exempted from punishment or, if any damage is caused, be given a mitigated punishment.
　第二十五條 共同犯罪是指二人以上共同故意犯罪。
Article 25 A joint crime refers to an intentional crime committed by two or more persons jointly.
　　二人以上共同過失犯罪，不以共同犯罪論處；應當負刑事責任的，按照他們所犯的罪分別處罰。
A negligent crime committed by two or more persons jointly shall not be punished as a joint crime; however, those who should bear criminal responsibility shall be individually punished according to the crimes they have committed.
　第二十六條 組織、領導犯罪集團進行犯罪活動的或者在共同犯罪中起主要作用的，是主犯。
Article 26 A principal criminal refers to any person who organizes and leads a criminal group in carrying out criminal activities or plays a principal role in a joint crime.
　　三人以上為共同實施犯罪而組成的較為固定的犯罪組織，是犯罪集團。
A criminal group refers to a relatively stable criminal organization formed by three or more persons for the purpose of committing crimes jointly.
　　對組織、領導犯罪集團的首要分子，按照集團所犯的全部罪行處罰。
Any ringleader who organizes or leads a criminal group shall be punished on the basis of all the crimes that the criminal group has committed.
　　對于第三款規(guī)定以外的主犯，應當按照其所參與的或者組織、指揮的全部犯罪處罰。
Any principal criminal not included in Paragraph 3 shall be punished on the basis of all the crimes that he participates in or that he organizes or directs.
　第二十七條 在共同犯罪中起次要或者輔助作用的，是從犯。
Article 27 An accomplice refers to any person who plays a secondary or auxiliary role in a joint crime.
　　對于從犯，應當從輕、減輕處罰或者免除處罰。
An accomplice shall be given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.
　第二十八條 對于被脅迫參加犯罪的，應當按照他的犯罪情節(jié)減輕處罰或者免除處罰。
Article 28 Anyone who is coerced to participate in a crime shall be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment in the light of the circumstances of the crime he commits.
　第二十九條 教唆他人犯罪的，應當按照他在共同犯罪中所起的作用處罰。教唆不滿十八周歲的人犯罪的，應當從重處罰。
Article 29 Anyone who instigates another to commit a crime shall be punished according to the role he plays in a joint crime.  Anyone who instigates a person under the age of 18 to commit a crime shall be given a heavier punishment.
　　如果被教唆的人沒有犯被教唆的罪，對于教唆犯，可以從輕或者減輕處罰。
If the instigated person has not committed the instigated crime, the instigator may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment.
第四節(jié) 單位犯罪
SECTION 4 CRIMES COMMITTED BY A UNIT
　第三十條 公司、企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位、機關、團體實施的危害社會的行為，法律規(guī)定為單位犯罪的，應當負刑事責任。
Article 30 Any company, enterprise, institution, State organ, or organization that commits an act that endangers society, which is prescribed by law as a crime committed by a unit, shall bear criminal responsibility.
  
第三十一條 單位犯罪的，對單位判處罰金，并對其直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員判處刑罰。本法分則和其他法律另有規(guī)定的，依照規(guī)定。
Article 31 Where a unit commits a crime, it shall be fined, and the persons who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible for the crime shall be given criminal punishment.  Where it is otherwise provided for in the Specific Provisions of this Law or in other laws, those provisions shall prevail.
  第三十二條 刑罰分為主刑和附加刑。
Article 32 Punishments are divided into principal punishments and supplementary punishments.