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“重口味”的福音--研究表明咸味的食物能夠更好的維持身體水分
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2017/4/21 14:02:59

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“重口味”的福音--研究表明咸味的食物能夠更好的維持身體水分

Why salty food DOESN’T make you thirsty: Study reveals savory foods are BETTER for keeping the body hydrated

“重口味”的福音--研究表明咸味的食物能夠更好的維持身體水分

We all know that salty foods make you crave a drink.But is that really true? According to a landmark scientific study, it’s not.

眾所周知，咸的食物會讓你覺得口渴。但這是真的嗎？根據(jù)一項具有里程碑意義的科學研究表明，其實并非如此。

An international group of researchers tested the theory by monitoring the salt intake and hydrating levels in cosmonauts during a year-long simulated mission to Mars.

一個國際研究小組在俄國宇航員長達一年的模擬火星任務(wù)中，通過監(jiān)測鹽分攝入量和體內(nèi)水分保持情況來證實了這一理論。

They concluded that the adage is nothing more than an old wives’ tale.In fact, they found intensely savory food quelled thirst, making cosmonauts more hydrated and energetic.

他們最終得出結(jié)論，原先的說法根本就是無稽之談。事實上，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)咸味的食物讓俄國宇航員們不那么口渴，身體水分更加充足并且精力更加充沛。

The study - the first long-term research to analyze the link between diet and drink habits - will transform the way scientists look at urea in the body. Once seen as simply a wasteful protein excreted in urine, it may actually hold value.

該研究作為第一個分析日常飲食和飲水習慣的長期研究，將改變科學家們對于人體內(nèi)尿素的看法。過去我們簡單地認為尿液中排泄的蛋白質(zhì)不過是一種浪費，然而實際上可能是有用的。

The decision to test the theory in space voyagers had two benefits.

決定用宇航員來測試該結(jié)論有兩個好處。

Firstly, it is useful information for cosmonauts.Hydration is crucial on a long space voyage, where food and drink is limited.

首先，對俄國宇航員來說該信息是有用的。在長期的太空旅行中，食物和飲品都是有限的，因此體內(nèi)水分的保持是至關(guān)重要的。

In order to effectively organize their food stock, and keep astronauts healthy, space teams need to accurately calculate the relationship between salt and liquid intake.

為了有效的管理食物庫存，維持宇航員的健康，空間小組需要精確計算鹽分和液體攝入量之間的關(guān)系。

Secondly, it provided a perfectly controlled environment.

其次，它提供了一種完美控制的環(huán)境。

Every aspect of a person’s nutrition, water consumption, and salt intake could be controlled and measured during the simulation.

在模擬期間，一個人營養(yǎng)、水分消耗和鹽分攝入的每一方面都應(yīng)當控制和測量。

The subjects were two groups of 10 male volunteers sealed into a mock spaceship for two simulated flights to Mars.

受試者為兩組，分別有10個男性志愿者，他們被封閉在兩趟模擬飛往火星的飛船上。

The first group was examined for 105 days; the second over 205 days.

第一組的測試時間為105天；第二組的測試時間超過205天。

They had identical diets except that over periods lasting several weeks, they were given three different levels of salt in their food.

他們的飲食都是一樣的，只是在幾周后，給他們提供的食物分三種不同程度的咸味。

The results confirmed that eating more salt led to a higher salt content in urine - no surprise there. Nor was there any surprise in a correlation between amounts of salt and overall quantity of urine.

結(jié)果證實，吃鹽較多導致尿液含鹽量增加--這并不奇怪。鹽和總尿量之間的相關(guān)性也沒有任何讓人驚訝之處。

But the increase wasn’t due to more drinking - in fact, a salty diet caused the subjects to drink less. Salt was triggering a mechanism to conserve water in the kidneys.

但是增量并不是因為喝了更多的水--事實上，咸味的飲食讓受試者喝的水更少。鹽分會引發(fā)腎臟儲存水分的機制。

Before the study, the prevailing hypothesis had been that the charged sodium and chloride ions in salt grabbed onto water molecules and dragged them into the urine.

在此研究之間，普遍的假設(shè)認為，鹽中的鈉離子和氯離子會被水分子吸收最終進入尿液。

The new results showed something different: salt stayed in the urine, while water moved back into the kidney and body.

新的研究結(jié)果顯示出一些不同之處：鹽分留在尿液中，然而水分會回到腎臟和人體內(nèi)。

This was completely puzzling to Professor Jens Titze, MD of the University of Erlangen and Vanderbilt University Medical Center and his colleagues.

這讓埃朗根大學和范德堡大學醫(yī)學中心的醫(yī)學博士Jens Titze教授和他的同事們著實費解。

What alternative driving force could make water move back?’ Professor Titze asked.

Titze教授提出疑問：“是什么非同尋常的驅(qū)動力讓水分回流？”

Experiments in mice hinted that urea might be involved. This substance is formed in muscles and the liver as a way of shedding nitrogen.

在老鼠身上做的實驗暗示，尿素有可能是其中的原因之一。這其實是因為肌肉和肝臟中形成的一種脫氮反應(yīng)。

In mice, urea was accumulating in the kidney, where it counteracts the water-drawing force of sodium and chloride. But synthesizing urea takes a lot of energy, which explains why mice on a high-salt diet were eating more.

在老鼠體內(nèi)，尿素聚集在腎臟中，這抵消了鈉和氯的吸水力。但是合成尿素需要消耗很多能量，這就解釋了老鼠吃得咸會導致它吃得更多的原因。

Higher salt didn’t increase their thirst, but it did make them hungrier. Also the human ’cosmonauts’ receiving a salty diet complained about being hungry.

高鹽分并沒有讓它們更口渴，但是會讓它們感覺更餓。同樣，人類的宇航員在接受高鹽分食物的時候會抱怨饑餓。

The project revises scientists’ view of the function of urea in our bodies.’It’s not solely a waste product, as has been assumed,’ ’Instead, it turns out to be a very important osmolyte - a compound that binds to water and helps transport it. Its function is to keep water in when our bodies get rid of salt. Nature has apparently found a way to conserve water that would otherwise be carried away into the urine by salt.’

該研究項目改變了科學家們對于尿素在我們體內(nèi)作用的看法?！八⒉幌裰氨患俣ǖ哪菢觾H僅是一種廢棄物質(zhì)?！薄跋喾矗聦嵶C明它是一種相當重要的滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)--一種與水結(jié)合并幫助運輸?shù)幕衔?。它的作用是在我們體內(nèi)排泄鹽分的時候保持水分，造物主顯然找到了一種保持水分的方式，否則將會因為鹽分被尿液排泄掉?！?/font>

The new findings change the way scientists have thought about the process by which the body achieves water homeostasis - maintaining a proper amount and balance.

新的發(fā)現(xiàn)改變了科學家們對于人體如何維持水分平衡的看法--保持適當?shù)臄?shù)量和平衡。

That must happen whether a body is being sent to Mars or not. ’We now have to see this process as a concerted activity of the liver, muscle and kidney,’ says Jens Titze.

Jens Titze說，“不管有沒有被送到火星，這一過程都會發(fā)生。”“我們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當把這個過程看成是肝臟、肌肉和腎臟的一種協(xié)同運動?！?/font>

’While we didn’t directly address blood pressure and other aspects of the cardiovascular system, it’s also clear that their functions are tightly connected to water homeostasis and energy metabolism.’

“雖然我們沒有直接證實血壓和心血管系統(tǒng)的其他方面，但是顯而易見，在保持水分平衡和能量代謝方面它們的作用是緊密相連的。”

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