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翻譯技巧：為你翻譯增色的詞組和句式
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eging 發(fā)表于 2019/2/2 10:14:14

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翻譯技巧：為你翻譯增色的詞組和句式

1.all＋抽象名詞/抽象名詞＋itself ＝ very + adj.

　　He was all gentleness to her.他對她非常溫存。
　　To his superiors, he is humility itself。對于長輩，他極為謙遜。
　　分析：該結(jié)構(gòu)原來是表示某種性質(zhì)達(dá)到極點的一種說法，有“非?！薄ⅰ氨M管”、“一味”、“盡”的含義，有時甚至可以譯為“。。。。的化身”、“。。。。的具體化”。普通復(fù)數(shù)名詞用于“all”之后，也是表達(dá)這種概念。
　　He is all smiles.他一味地笑。
　　She is all eyes.她盯著看。
　　I am all anxiety.我真擔(dān)心。
　　He is all attention.他全神貫注地聽著。

　　2.Something (much) of / nothing (little) of

　　Mr.Li is something of a philospher.李先生略具哲學(xué)家風(fēng)范。
　　Mr. Wu is nothing of a musician.吳先生全無音樂家的風(fēng)味。
　　Mr. Lu is very much of a poet.陸先生大有詩人氣派。
　　Mr.Liu is little of a scholar.劉先生幾無學(xué)者風(fēng)度。
　　分析：此為表示“程度”的形容詞短語，有時可以當(dāng)作副詞翻譯。
　　Something of ＝to some extent（某程度），在問句和條件句中則用anyting of（略有、多少）。nothing of翻譯為“全無、毫無”。

　　相類似的情況：
　　to be something of = to have something of + 名詞＋in ＋代名詞
　　He is nothing in ability of an orator = He has nothing of an orator in his ability.他毫無演說家的才能。

　　這類名詞的用法，可以處理為副詞。
　　He has seen something of life.他略具閱歷。他稍閱世。
　　Something of 與something like區(qū)別：程度上有差異。
　　something like ＝ something approximateing in character or amount指數(shù)量或性質(zhì)略同的事物，又作somewhat(似乎、略微)解釋。
　　This is something like a pudding.此物略似布丁。
　　It shaped something like a cigar.其形狀略似雪茄。

　　3.as...as 的三種用法;

　?。?）He is as kind as his sister.他象他妹妹一樣和藹。
　?。?）He is as kind as honest.他既誠實又和藹。
　　（3）He ia as kind as his sister is honest.他妹妹誠實，而他和藹。
　　句式1表示兩個不同的人相同的性質(zhì)；
　　句式2表示同一個人不同的性質(zhì)；
　　句式3表示兩個人的不同性質(zhì)。該句式中第一個as為之時副詞，第二個as為連詞。所以，第一個as后面為adj./adv.，而第二個as后面為從句。

　　4.as......as any / as .....as ever

　　He is as great a statesman as any = He is as great a statesman as ever lived.他是一位稀有的政治家。

　　5.as.....as.....can be

　　It is as plain as plain can be （may be）.那是再明白不過了。
　　A lot of these boys were green as green can be.這些男孩許多都是精力充沛無以復(fù)加的。

　　6.as......., so............

　　As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.憂能傷人，猶如銹之蝕鐵。
　　SO相當(dāng)于in the same proportion; in like manner; in the same way(亦復(fù)如此)。為加強(qiáng)語氣，也可以在as前面加上just一詞。
　　As fire tries gold, so does adversity try courage.正如火能試金，逆境可以試人的勇氣。
　　As the human body is nourished by the food, so is a nation nourished by its industries.正像身體要靠食物營養(yǎng)一樣，國家要靠工業(yè)營養(yǎng)。

　　7.It is in (or with)........as in (or with)......

　　It is in life as in a journey.人生好比旅途。
　　It is in studying as in eating; he who does it gets the benefits, and not he who sees it done.讀書和吃飯一樣，得到利益的是那些實際在吃的人，而不是旁觀的人。
　　It is in mind as in body which must be nourished by good food.精神和身體都必須有好的食物來營養(yǎng)。

　　8.as good as / as well as

　　It is as goos as done.這就和做好了一樣。
　　It is broad as well as long.那既長且寬。
　　as good as 有兩個含義：
　?。?）amounting to ; not falling short of;等于；同樣；幾如；；不欠缺
　　He was as good as his word.他不爽約。
　?。?）virtually; essentially; in every essential respect實際上；其實；實在；在各要點上
　　He is as good as dead already.宛如死人；行尸走肉；名存實亡
　　as well as 有四個含義：
　?。?）no less than; equally with等于；不下于；亦；一樣好
　　I have understanding as well as you.
　　（2）both....and..;one equally with the other“與”、“兩者皆”
　　Work in moderation is healthy as well as agreeable to the human constitution.適度勞動對身體給予快感，又有益衛(wèi)生。
　?。?）與not only....but also有連帶關(guān)系
　　He has experience as well as knowledge.= He has not only knowledge but also experience.
　?。?）可以代替better than
　　As well (= better) be hanged for a sheep as ( = than) for a lamb.竊鉤如竊國，與其盜小羊。

　　9.As it is

　　其含義為：as it stands; to state the matter as it really stands; as a matter of fact; in reality.相當(dāng)于：實際上；就實際情況而言；根據(jù)（現(xiàn)在）情況看；就現(xiàn)在這個樣子等等。它用來指事物的單數(shù)；即指前面的單數(shù)名詞。如果指事物的復(fù)數(shù)，則用“As they are”。如果用來指人時，則為as I am / you are / she/ he is/ we are / they are.as it is 的過去式為as it was。其位置可以放在句首，句末或句子中間。
　?。?）用于句首，注意前后時態(tài)與該結(jié)構(gòu)保持一致
　　As it is, we can not help him.
　　As it was, we could not help him.
　　（2）用于句末
　　Let's keep it as it is.
　　You mustn't go to the ball as you are.你不能這樣去參加舞會。
　　有時it可以省略為“as is ”，意即：照現(xiàn)在的樣子，常指“不再修理或改進(jìn)”等情況。
　　He has an old radio as is.他有一臺沒有修理過的舊收音機(jī)。
　　I‘ll sell it to you as is, but don't complain if it doesn't work.
　　（3）句中時，用逗號把它從前后隔開
　　A.虛擬語氣句式＋but ＋as it is / was，該結(jié)構(gòu)意為：其實；事實上
　　I thought things would get better, but as it is, they are getting worse and worse.
　　The rice could have been got in yesterdy if the weather had been fine, but as it was, it had to be left in the fields.
　　B.過去分詞＋as it is，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)前面的過去分詞
　　Written as it is in an interesting way, this book is enjoyable to young and old alike.
　　Published as it was at such a time, his work attrached much attention.
　　C.現(xiàn)在分詞＋ as it does(did)。意為：因為這樣，（實際）所以.........
　　Living as he does in Shanghai, he knows the place extremely well.
　　Reading as he did many times, he could recite it fluently.

　　幾個類似的結(jié)構(gòu)：
　　A. as it stands 根據(jù)目前情況來看
　　As it stands, it is certain that our country can realize the four modernization ahead of schedule.
　　B. such as it is不怎么樣，質(zhì)量不過如此
　　The room, such as it is, is very bright.
　　C. as it were ＝as if it were so.屬虛擬語氣，用于插入語。不可以與as it is 混淆
　　He is , as it were, a living dictionary.
　　Comrade Lei Feng still lives, as it were , in our heart.

　　10.have + the + 抽象名詞＋不定式

　　I had the fortune to succeed.我很幸運獲得了成功。
　　have = possess原來指肉體和精神上的特征，現(xiàn)作為一種天賦而具有的。
　　She had the cheek ( = impudence) to say such a thing. = She was so impudent as to say such a thing.她厚顏無恥地說出這樣的話。
　　How can you have the heart ( = hard-heartness) to drown such darling little kittens?
　　你何忍心把如此可愛的小貓淹死？

　　11.名詞＋of +a +名詞

　　It was a great moutain of a wave.波浪如山高。
　　That fool of a Tom did it. 這是湯姆那個笨蛋做的。
　　That old cripple of a Henn.那個年老的殘廢者亨。
　　It would make the deuce of a scandal.這會弄得聲名狼藉的。
　　of前后的名詞指同一人或物體。其中的“名詞＋of”后出現(xiàn)的名詞前面，必須有一個不定詞，即使是固有名詞，該冠詞也不可省略。
　　a devil of a man = a devish man
　　a rascal of a fellow = a rascally fellow

　　12. in +人

　　They have an enemy in him.他才是他們的敵人。
　　分析：in = in the person of （在那人身上），表示一個人身上具有的性質(zhì)、資格、能力等。原來是由于形狀（與形狀有關(guān)的in，如：in a circle; in print; in a heap; in couples; in human shape; in ruins等）所轉(zhuǎn)來的，而有“即....是也”、“就是”的含義。這種in多出現(xiàn)在find, see, behold, lose等動詞后面。
　　He had something of the hero in him.
　　China lost a great artist in (the death of ) Chi Paishi.

　　13.short of / be short of / nothing short of

　　short=except，是副詞的用法。在前面可以使用的動詞有：come, fall, run等，表示“不足”、“缺乏”的意思，其中“of”做“from”解釋。至于be short of 與nothing short of 中的“short of”則為形容詞。be short of 表示“不足”或“離開”；nothing short of表示“完全”。
　　1）Short of theft, I will do anything I can for you.
　　2)We are short of hands at present.
　　3)His conduct was nothing short of madness.他的行為簡直發(fā)了狂。

　　14.anything but / nothing but / all but

　　在英文中anything but＝never;意即“除此之外，別的都是”，是表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的否定；
　　nothing but=only; 意即“除此之外，別的都不是”；
　　all but=almost; nearly
　　三種用法中，but都有“except”含義

　　15.much more / much less

　　He likes a child, much more a baby.他喜歡小孩，更加喜歡嬰孩。
　　He doesn't like a child, much less a baby.他步喜歡小孩，更加不喜歡嬰孩。
　　解釋：
　　much more 用于肯定句之后，表示程度增加；表示更多，much可以改為still
　　much less用于否定句之后，表示程度減少；表示更少，可譯為“何況”、“還論”

　　16.more........than.......can“達(dá)到不可能的程度”

　　morethan................can'簡直不可能'
　　He earns more money than he can spend.

　　17.more than + 動詞，譯為“深為，十二分的”

　　This more than satisfied me.這使我十二分的滿意。
　　More is meant than meets the ear.有言外之意。
　　What we lose in flowers we more than gain in fruits.

　　18.less.......than

　　During the week he saw less of her than usual.在那一個星期內(nèi)，他比平常要少見到她。
　　less.......than“較少”、“較差”、“不及”、“不如”。該less做形容詞時好翻譯，做副詞解釋時難譯。
　　Proof-reading is not interesting, still less so when it is one's own work.
　　Proof-reading is uninteresting, still more so when it is one's own work.
　　His lecture left me less than satisfactory.他的演講怎么也不能使我滿意。
　　He observed with interest the errors of her face and figure, the thin underlip, too heavily penciled eyebrows, and her legs less than slim although not actually skinny.
　　他感興趣地望著她面孔和身體上的一些缺點，那太薄的下唇，畫的太濃的眉毛和她那瘦弱的雙腿，雖然還沒有達(dá)到皮包骨頭的程度。

　　19.the + 比較級＋理由

　　I like him all the better for his faults.因為他有缺點，所以我更加喜歡他。
　　連接“理由”部分的可以為：for, because, on account of , owing to 等，前面部分常常出現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：all(much)the + 比較級。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的the = to that degree.

　　20.what he is / what he has

　　We honour him for what he is , not for what he has.
　　我們尊敬的是他的人品，而不是他的財富。
　　what he is ＝his character
　　what he has = his property
　　It is not a question how much a man knows, but use what he can make of what he knows; not a question of what he has acquired, and how he has been trained, but of what he is, and what he can do.
　　問題不在于一個人知道多少，而在于他能否運用他的知識；問題不在于他所學(xué)為何，受過怎樣的教育，而在于他的人品，以及他的能力。

　　21.what + 名詞 / what + little + 名詞

　　He gave me what money he had about him.他把他身上所有的錢都給了我。
　　I gave him what little mony I had.我竭盡綿薄之力將僅有的錢都給了他。
　　what + 名詞含有“all the ....that”或“that....which”含義。譯為“所有的。。。?！?，what做關(guān)系代名詞。
　　what + little（few等一類詞） + 名詞含有“雖少但全部”或“所僅有的”
　　She saved what little money she could out of her slim salary to help her brother go to school.

　　22.what with........and what with / what by ...... and what by

　　What with illness and what with losses, he is almost ruined.半因為生病，半因為虧損，他幾乎整個兒毀了。
　　What by brikes and what by extortions, he made money.
　　或由受賄，或由勒索，他發(fā)財了。
　　此為what的副詞用法，可譯為“多少（＝somewhat）”、“半（＝patrly）”
　　what with........and what with表示“原因”
　　what by ...... and what by表示“手段”
　　What with overwork and under-nourishment he fell ill.
　　由于過勞，加上營養(yǎng)不足，他終于病倒了。

　　23.if any

　　1)He despises honour, if any one does.世界上真有人輕視榮譽的話，他便是一個。
　　2）He has little, if any, money.他即令有錢，也是極少的。
　　if any , if ever 意思是“果真有，即令有的話”，相當(dāng)于if there is (are) any at all.。它通常是伴隨有l(wèi)ittle, few, seldom等準(zhǔn)否定詞。與此相近的用法還有if anything，意思是“if at all”或“if there is any difference”,可以譯為“倘若有異同，如果稍有區(qū)別的話”。還有“if a day”意思是“at least”。
There is little , if any , hope.希望甚微。
　　It occurs seldom, if ever( = seldom or never).真有其事，也不常發(fā)生。
　　If anything, he is a little better today.如有什么不同，他比昨天好了一點。
　　The greatness has little, if anything, to do with rank or power.真正的偉大是和權(quán)力與地位毫無關(guān)系的。

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