盤點11個經(jīng)典口譯句型和10大經(jīng)典句型結(jié)構(gòu) | |
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eging 發(fā)表于 2018/1/17 8:32:53
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盤點11個經(jīng)典口譯句型和10大經(jīng)典句型結(jié)構(gòu) 做口譯時,掌握一些常用的詞組詞匯固然重要,但是如果沒有常用句型的支撐,我們說出來的句子也可能支離破碎,讓人難以理解。小編整理了十一個常見的經(jīng)典口譯句型和十大經(jīng)典句型結(jié)構(gòu),希望能對小伙伴們有所幫助~
1. leave somebody the choice of ... or ... 要么…,要么… (選擇類經(jīng)典句) Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. 敵人冷酷無情/鐵石心腸,我們要么頑強抵抗,要么屈膝投降。 The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor. 年過三十,要么成婚,要么單身。 2. be the instrument of sth 引來某事物的人或事 (使動類經(jīng)典句) If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings. 能夠讓你幸福,我愿意付出我的一切。 3. it was the memory / memories of 追溯到… (回憶類經(jīng)典句) Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations' development. 日韓兩國發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)折點或許可以追溯到1964年東京奧運會及1988年漢城奧運會。 It was the memory of 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from the attacks of atomic bomb, from which originated the term of "Zero Ground". “零地帶”這個術(shù)語的形成可以追溯到1945年廣島和長崎遭受原子彈攻擊。 4. on the premise / ground / prerequisite / proposition / hypothesis / presuposition that 基于一個前提… (假設(shè)類經(jīng)典句) The Chinese declared to implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China. 中國政府宣布實行和平統(tǒng)一的方針時,基于一個前提,即當時的臺灣當局堅持世界上只有一個中國,臺灣是中國的一部分。 Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall. 對投資者的建議是以利率會繼續(xù)下跌為根據(jù)的。 5. be bound to 必定…;一定… (意愿類經(jīng)典句) The Great Western Development is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest of the world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at large. 西部大開發(fā)一定能成為溝通世界各國和中國的一座橋梁,促進中國和世界經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展,共同繁榮。 Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression. 正義戰(zhàn)爭必然要戰(zhàn)勝侵略戰(zhàn)爭。 6. a matter of sth/doing sth 與…有關(guān)的情況或問題(描述類經(jīng)典句) Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. "Eventually, being 'poor' won't be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills." 請思考一下同一個人現(xiàn)在及八年前說的話?!罢f到底,‘貧窮’與其說是生活在貧窮的國家里,還不如說是技藝不精?!?br /> Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience. 處理這些問題全憑經(jīng)驗。 7. This is the similar case with/when 這恰如;正如;也會 (比較類經(jīng)典句) This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozart's musical pieces. 這恰如我們雖然看不懂莫扎特樂曲的總譜,卻照樣能同它的主旋律產(chǎn)生共鳴,擊節(jié)稱贊。 Besides, this is also the case with the citizen's expenditure such as education, information, traveling. 除此以外,老百姓的服務(wù)性消費,如教育,信息,旅游等消費也會大量增長。 8. be exemplified by 這一點也證明了…;這點反映在以下事實:… (舉例類經(jīng)典句) This American desire to keep the children's world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident. 美國人想把兒童和成人的世界分隔開來,比如:如果父母在事故中喪生,人們總是設(shè)法晚點將消息告訴他們的子女。 The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company. This is partly explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools. 體力勞動者在任何場合通常都相當自在。收入檔次不同的人上同一所學(xué)校,這個事實多少說明了這一點。 9. constitute… (不用于進行式)是;認為(判斷類經(jīng)典句) History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship. 歷史雄辯地說明,中美之間建立在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上的勞動分工是最為合理和實用的國際關(guān)系。 My decision does not constitute a precedent. 我的決定不應(yīng)成為先例。 The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy. 這一失敗是我們外交上的一次較大的挫折。 10. witness... 見證… (發(fā)生類經(jīng)典句) a time or event witnesses sth / somebody in a particular situation or doing a particular thing. The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China. 經(jīng)過二十多年的快速發(fā)展,中國西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。 I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East. 下一輪會談將實現(xiàn)中東地區(qū)永久?;?,對此我很樂觀態(tài)度并充滿希望。 每一屆交易會都有來自世界各地50多國家和地區(qū)的專業(yè)地毯商參加會談。 Each fair sees/witnesses carpet dealers from over fifty countries and regions around the world come to participate in its business talks。 11. sth. (never) deserts sb. (否定/肯定類經(jīng)典句) When I had to speak, my confidence suddenly deserted me。 輪到我要講話時,我突然失去了信心。 Despite ten years’ effort, our affinity finally deserted itself。 十年的努力,換來的是形同陌路。 My yearning for passing the advanced interpretation test has never deserted me。 我堅信一定通過高級口譯考試。 接下來再來看看十大經(jīng)典句型結(jié)構(gòu)。 1. A+a 結(jié)構(gòu) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常是指一個大句子后面帶有一個小結(jié)構(gòu),翻譯方法通??梢詫⑶罢叻g成中心句,后面翻譯成同位語,介詞短語或是分詞和定語從句。 例1:現(xiàn)在我們有16個系,下設(shè)39個專業(yè)。 There are 16 departments with 39 specialties in our school. ?。ê竺娣g成with的介詞結(jié)構(gòu),這種形式是最常見的方法。) 例2:北京有10個區(qū)9個縣,總面積1萬6千800平方公里。 There are 10 districts and 9 counties in Beijing with an area of 16 thousand 8 hundred square kilometers. (方法和上句一樣。) 例3:中國在2000年悉尼奧運會上,獲得28枚金牌,在獎牌榜上名列第三。 China won 28 gold medals at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Game, ranking the 3rd on the medaltally. (這句是將后面的句子翻譯成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。) 2. A+a1+a2 結(jié)構(gòu) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常是指在主句后面同時出現(xiàn)了兩個小句子,翻譯的方法通常是將后兩者同時變化成定語從句或是同位語的結(jié)構(gòu),還可以把其中兩個變成介詞或是同位語結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)十分常見。 例1:在過去的1年里,中國貫徹擴大內(nèi)需的方針,經(jīng)濟得到穩(wěn)步發(fā)展,人民生活水平得到顯著提高。 Last year, China implemented the policy of enlarging domestic demands, which led to stable economic development and significant improvement of people’s life. ?。ㄟ@種方法就是把后面兩句全部變成定語從句,a1和a2同時形成并列結(jié)構(gòu)。) 例2:黃河流經(jīng)中國的9個省和自治區(qū),全長5464公里,流域面積75萬2443平方公里。 The Yellow River runs 5464 kms across 9 provinces and autonomous regions with drainagearea of 752,443 square kms. ?。ㄟ@句就是把最前句和最后句變成介詞結(jié)構(gòu),中間變成謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。) 3. A+a+B 結(jié)構(gòu) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)和A + a1 + a2非常類似,我們在翻譯的時候就是要區(qū)分第三個句子究竟能不能和前一個句子連在一起,也就是說最后一個句子和前者有沒有密切的關(guān)系,當然在有些情況下,這兩個句子結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分起來比較復(fù)雜,也比較難以區(qū)分。 例1:現(xiàn)在只有5個國家的婦女收入占男性收入的80%以上,而中國婦女的收入相當于男性收入的80.4%。 Now, there are only 5 countries where women’s salaries make up 80% of men’s, while the income of the Chinese women equals to 80.4% that of man’s. (這句話把含有80%的這個小句子翻譯成了前者的從句,而后面的一個句子又重新起了一句,很顯然前兩個句子和第三個句子沒有什么邏輯關(guān)系。) 例2:據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的報告顯示,到2020 年,世界老人將超過10億,其中7億生活在發(fā)展中國家。目前,全世界60歲以上的老人大約有5.8億。 According to a report of WHO, by 2020 it is estimated that the population of senior citizens will increase to 1 billion, including 700 million live in the less developed countries. There are 580 million people more than 60 years old all over the world at present. ?。ㄟ@句話則比上一句更具有特點,很顯然,我們應(yīng)該把“其中”這樣的句子歸類為前者,后面再重新起一句,前者形成分詞結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)也是考試的重點句型。) 4. A+B+b 結(jié)構(gòu) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)和A + a1 + a2也非常類似,我們在翻譯的時候就是要區(qū)分第二個句子究竟能不能和前一個句子連在一起,也就是說第二個句子和前者有沒有密切的關(guān)系,當然在有些情況下,這兩個句子結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分起來比較復(fù)雜,很難區(qū)分。 例1:1990年,只有32%的3歲到6歲的兒童進入幼兒園,但是到1998年年底中國已經(jīng)有18萬幼兒園,接收了2400萬兒童。 In 1990, only 32% of children from 3 years old to 6 years old entered kindergartens, but by the end of 1998 there were kindergartens with 24 million children in China. ?。ê茱@然前面說的一件事情,后面說的兩件事情具有邏輯關(guān)系,所以我們把后面兩句放在一起翻譯,并且形成with的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。) 例2:我國于1999年10月已進入人口老齡化國家的行列,我們80歲以上的老人已達1100萬,并以年均5%的速度增長。 China has become an aged society since October 1999. The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%. ?。ㄟ@句話的翻譯方法和上句同樣,第三個句子形成with的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。) 5. A+a1+a2+a3 結(jié)構(gòu) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)實際上就是以上幾種結(jié)構(gòu)的延伸,這樣的延續(xù)可能多個,而不止三個,其實方法都是一樣,就是將后三者變成并列層次,要么是定語從句,要么是同位語,要么是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。 例1:奧林匹克公園占地1215公頃,其中包括760公頃的森林綠地,50公頃的國際展覽體育中心以及405公頃的中華民族園。 The Olympic Games Park covers an area of 1215 hectares, including 760 hectares woods and grassland, 50 hectares International Exhibition Sports Center and 405 hectares Chinese Ethnic Park. /The Olympic Park covering 1215 hectares includes 760-hectare woods and grassland, 50-hectare International Exhibition Sports Center and 405-hectare Chinese Ethnic Park. ?。ㄟ@句話提供了兩種翻譯版本,前者是將后三者變成介詞短語,第二種把后三者直接變成了表語,總之就是要體現(xiàn)出A句和后幾句的差異和關(guān)系。) 例2:在奧林匹克公園主建筑區(qū)內(nèi)將建成容納8萬人的主體育場、2個大型綜合體育館、運動員村和國際展覽體育中心。 In the main building area of the Olympic Games Park, a main stadium which accommodates 80 thousand people, 2 large sports complexes, the athletes’ village and the International Exhibition Sports Center are now under construction. (這句用的方法還是把后面的四者都變成了主語,和“奧林匹克公園主建筑區(qū)”這句形成結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異。) 6. A+a+B+b 結(jié)構(gòu) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)就是把兩個A + a結(jié)構(gòu)放在一起,其實方法和第一種很像,但是要形成兩個主句和兩個從屬成分。 例1:2000年,全國共有普通高中14600所,在校生1201萬人,職業(yè)中學(xué)2萬所,在校學(xué)生1295萬人。 In 2000, there were 14.6 thousand regular senior high schools in China with 12.01 million students at school and 20 thousand vocational schools with 12.95 million students at school. ?。ㄟ@句的翻譯方法就是用A + with + and + B + with的機構(gòu),這種方法在口譯考試出現(xiàn)的頻率是最高的。) 例2:2000年,全國有婦幼保健院609個,醫(yī)務(wù)工作者7.2萬人,婦幼保健所、站2598個?;鶎俞t(yī)務(wù)工作者7.5萬人。 In 2000, there were 609 women and children health centers with 72 thousand health and medical workers and 2598 local women and children health centers with 75 grass root health and medical workers. ?。ㄟ@句的翻譯方法和上句同樣。) 例3:我國于1999年10月已進入人口老齡化國家的行列,并以年均3%的速度持續(xù)增長,我 們80歲以上的老人已達1100萬,并以年均5%的速度增長。 China has become an aged society since October 1999 with an average annual growth rate of 3%. The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%. ?。ㄟ@句話說明了兩個事實,所以在翻譯的時候,我們可以分割成兩個A + a結(jié)構(gòu)來進行翻譯。) 7. A+B+C 結(jié)構(gòu) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)就是把三個不相關(guān)的句子放在一起,那么在翻譯的時候我們要注意逐句翻譯。而且還要注意看看句子中是否存在有小結(jié)構(gòu),就是A的下部分有沒有a1或是a2等結(jié)構(gòu)。 例1:根據(jù)第五次全國人口普查,全國共有12億9335萬人,其中祖國大陸包括31個省,自治區(qū)和直轄市,不包括福建省金門,馬祖島和現(xiàn)役軍人12億6580萬人,香港特別行政區(qū)678萬人,澳門特別行政區(qū)44萬,臺灣包括金門,馬祖島共計2228萬人。 According to the 5th population census, there were 1 billion 293 million 350 thousand people in China, including the total number/ population of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities excluding Jinmen and Mazu islands in Fujian province and of servicemen of China’s mainland was 1 billion 265 million 830 thousand. The population of Hong Kong SAR was 6 million 780 thousand and that of Macao was 440 thousand as well as that of Taiwan Jinmen and Mazu Islands was 22 million 280 thousand. (這句話總共闡述了三個事實,一個是人數(shù)有多少,然后是除了某些地區(qū)有多少人,這個部分包括了兩個小部分,第三個部分包括了三個地區(qū)的人口數(shù)量,所以這個句子在翻譯的時候首先要分成三個句子,然后再處理三個句子里面的成分,看看是否能夠形成連帶結(jié)構(gòu)。) 8. A+倒A 結(jié)構(gòu) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)就是指前后說的是同一件事情,但是所表達的對象是不一樣的。 例1:我很喜歡游泳,你也很喜歡游泳。 I like swimming. So do you. ?。ㄟ@個句子就是有兩個不同的說話人,但是說的是同樣一件事情,所以可歸類為后面是前者的“倒”著表達的形式。這種句子翻譯的方法就是用so或是否定句中用either。) 例2:2008年,上海的老年人口已經(jīng)達到了400萬,同樣北京于同年也達到了400萬。 In 2008, the population of senior citizens in Shanghai was 4 million. So was Beijing. ?。ㄟ@句翻譯的方法雷同于上句。) 9. A+—A 結(jié)構(gòu) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)指的是前者說的事情和后者的事情剛好相反來說。 例1:我很喜歡你,你也很喜歡我。 I like you, and vice versa. ?。ㄟ@句話很顯然就是前者和后者剛好掉個位置,但是說的同一件事情,翻譯的方法就是用vice versa。) 例2:美國人民喜歡江澤民主席,江澤民主席也很喜歡美國人民。 The American people like President Jiangzemin, and vice versa. 10. 考察完全的名詞結(jié)構(gòu) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般沒有很多的數(shù)字,但是名詞很多,考生在平時要注意積累詞匯,當然更難的則是將詞匯和數(shù)字結(jié)合在一起。 例1:20世紀90年代,我國人口文化素質(zhì)提高速度之快,是建國以來少有的。這一變化趨勢反映了10來我國落實掃除青少年文盲,普及9年義務(wù)教育和大力發(fā)展高等教育等措施所取得的成果。 Our people’s education level has increased sharply since 1990s. This tendency reflected our achievements through eliminating illiterates among the young and the middle aged, universalizing the 9-year compulsory education and developing higher education in the past 10 years. (這個句子當中就沒有很多的數(shù)字,但是名詞特別多,包括青少年文盲、九年義務(wù)教育和高等教育等等詞。) 例2:近年來,中央政府給西藏的財政補貼每年都達12億元以上,總投資46億元的62項援藏工程以及中央國家機關(guān)有關(guān)部委和15個對口支援省、市投資的32億元援建的716項工程已全部竣工并投入使用。 In recent years, the annual financial subsidy from the central government to Tibet reached 1.2 billion yuan. The 62 aid-Tibet projects with a total investment of 4.6 billion and 716 projects with an investment of 3.2 billion from ministries, commissions, central government institutions and other 15 provinces and cities had been finished and put into operation. ?。ㄟ@個句子不但有很多很大的數(shù)字,而且還有像財政補貼、有關(guān)部委、對口支援和竣工等詞,所以這種句子有很大難度,在訓(xùn)練時,首先要解決數(shù)字問題,再解決詞匯問題,之后背誦所提到的十種結(jié)構(gòu)。) |
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