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小說(shuō)選載馬克吐溫《競(jìng)選州長(zhǎng)》
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2016/9/7 18:51:27

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小說(shuō)選載馬克吐溫《競(jìng)選州長(zhǎng)》

馬克·吐溫短篇小說(shuō)《競(jìng)選州長(zhǎng)》

A few months ago I was nominated for Governor of the great state of New York, to run against Mr. John T. Smith and Mr. Blank J. Blank on an independent ticket. I somehow felt that I had one prominent advantage over these gentlemen, and that was--good character. It was easy to see by the newspapers that if ever they had known what it was to bear a good name, that time had gone by. It was plain that in these latter years they had become familiar with all manner of shameful crimes. But at the very moment that I was exalting my advantage and joying in it in secret, there was a muddy undercurrent of discomfort "riling" the deeps of my happiness, and that was--the having to hear my name bandied about in familiar connection with those of such people. I grew more and more disturbed. Finally I wrote my grandmother about it. Her answer came quick and sharp. She said:
幾個(gè)月以前，我被提名為獨(dú)立黨的紐約州州長(zhǎng)候選人，與斯圖阿特-伍德福先生和約翰-霍夫曼先生競(jìng)選。我總覺得我有一個(gè)顯著的長(zhǎng)處勝過(guò)這兩位先生，那就是——聲望還好。從報(bào)紙上很容易看出，即令他們?cè)?jīng)知道保持名譽(yù)的好處，那個(gè)時(shí)候也已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。近幾年來(lái)，他們顯然對(duì)各式各樣可恥的罪行都習(xí)以為常了。但是正當(dāng)我還在贊美自己的長(zhǎng)處，并因此暗自得意的時(shí)候，卻有一股不愉快的渾濁潛流“攪渾”我那快樂心情的深處，那就是——不得不聽到我的名字動(dòng)輒被人家拿來(lái)與那些人相提并論地到處傳播。我心里越來(lái)越煩亂。后來(lái)我就寫信給我的祖母，報(bào)告這樁事情。她的信回得又快又干脆。她說(shuō)：

You have never done one single thing in all your life to be ashamed of--not one. Look at the newspapers--look at them and comprehend what sort of characters Messrs. Smith and Blank are, and then see if you are willing to lower yourself to their level and enter a public canvass with them.
你生平從來(lái)沒有干過(guò)一樁可羞的事情——從來(lái)沒有。你看看報(bào)紙吧——你看一看，要明白伍德福和霍夫曼這兩位先生是一種什么人物，然后想一想你是否情愿把自己降到他們的水平，和他們公開競(jìng)選。

It was my very thought! I did not sleep a single moment that night. But, after all, I could not recede.
我也正是這么想呀！那天晚上我片刻也沒有睡著?？墒鞘乱阎链?，我究竟無(wú)法撒手了。

I was fully committed, and must go on with the fight. As I was looking listlessly over the papers at breakfast I came across this paragraph, and I may truly say I never was so confounded before.
我已經(jīng)完全卷入了漩渦，不得不繼續(xù)這場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)。早餐時(shí)，我無(wú)精打采地看著報(bào)紙，忽然發(fā)現(xiàn)下面這么一段。老實(shí)說(shuō)，我從來(lái)沒有那么吃驚過(guò)。

PERJURY.--Perhaps, now that Mr. Mark Twain is before the people as a candidate for Governor, he will condescend to explain how he came to be convicted of perjury by thirty-four witnesses in Wakawak, Cochin China, in 1863, the intent of which perjury being to rob a poor native widow and her helpless family of a meager plantain-patch, their only stay and support in their bereavement and desolation. Mr. Twain owes it to himself, as well as to the great people whose suffrages he asks, to clear this matter up. Will he do it?
偽證罪——馬克-吐溫先生現(xiàn)在既然在大眾面前當(dāng)了州長(zhǎng)候選人，他也許會(huì)賞個(gè)面子，說(shuō)明一下他怎么會(huì)在一八六三年在交趾支那瓦卡瓦克被三十四個(gè)證人證明犯了偽證罪。那次做偽證的意圖是要從一個(gè)貧苦的土著寡婦及其無(wú)依無(wú)靠的兒女手里奪取一塊貧瘠的香蕉園，那是他們失去親人之后的凄涼生活中惟一的依靠和惟一的生活來(lái)源。吐溫先生應(yīng)該把這樁事情交代清楚，才對(duì)得起他自己，才對(duì)得起他所要求投票支持他的廣大人民。他是否會(huì)照辦呢？

I thought I should burst with amazement! Such a cruel, heartless charge! I never had seen Cochin China! I never had heard of Wakawak! I didn't know a plantain-patch from a kangaroo! I did not know what to do. I was crazed and helpless. I let the day slip away without doing anything at all. The next morning the same paper had this--nothing more:
我覺得我簡(jiǎn)直詫異得要爆炸了，這樣殘酷無(wú)情的誣蔑！我一輩子連見也沒有見過(guò)交趾支那！瓦卡瓦克我連聽也沒有聽說(shuō)過(guò)！至于香蕉園，我簡(jiǎn)直就不知道它和一只袋鼠有什么區(qū)別！我真不知道怎么辦才好。我簡(jiǎn)直弄得神經(jīng)錯(cuò)亂，不知所措。我只好把那一天混過(guò)去，根本就沒有采取任何步驟。第二天早上，同一報(bào)紙上登著這么一條（別的什么也沒有）：

SIGNIFICANT.--Mr. Twain, it will be observed, is suggestively silent about the Cochin China perjury.
耐人尋味——大家都會(huì)注意到，吐溫先生對(duì)于那樁交趾支那的偽證案保持緘默，似有隱衷。

[Mem.--During the rest of the campaign this paper never referred to me in any other way than as "the infamous perjurer Twain."]
（附注——從此以后，在競(jìng)選運(yùn)動(dòng)期中，這個(gè)報(bào)紙一提到我，惟一的稱呼就始終是“無(wú)恥的偽證制造者吐溫”。）

Next came the Gazette, with this:
其次是《新聞報(bào)》，上面登著這么一段：

WANTED TO KNOW.--Will the new candidate for Governor deign to explain to certain of his fellow-citizens (who are suffering to vote for him!) the little circumstance of his cabin-mates in Montana losing small valuables from time to time, until at last, these things having been invariably found on Mr. Twain's person or in his "trunk" (newspaper he rolled his traps in), they felt compelled to give him a friendly admonition for his own good, and so tarred and feathered him, and rode him on a rail; and then advised him to leave a permanent vacuum in the place he usually occupied in the camp. Will he do this?
敬請(qǐng)說(shuō)明——新任州長(zhǎng)競(jìng)選人可否將下述事實(shí)經(jīng)過(guò)向本市若干迫切等待著給他投票的市民賜予說(shuō)明，以釋群疑？他在蒙大拿的時(shí)候，和他同住在一間小房子里的伙伴們時(shí)常遺失一些小小的貴重物品，后來(lái)這些東西通通在吐溫先生身上或是他的“皮箱”（他用來(lái)包裹身邊物品的報(bào)紙）里找到了。于是大家為了幫助他改過(guò)自新，就不得不對(duì)他進(jìn)一番友誼的忠告，所以就給他渾身涂滿柏油，粘上羽毛，讓他吃“坐木杠”的苦頭，然后就叫他永遠(yuǎn)離開他在這個(gè)工棚里所占的位子。這究竟是怎么回事，他可以說(shuō)明一下嗎？

Could anything be more deliberately malicious than that? For I never was in Montana in my life.
世間還能有比這更居心險(xiǎn)惡的事情嗎？我是一輩子沒有到過(guò)蒙大拿的。

[After this, this journal customarily spoke of me as, "Twain, the Montana Thief."]
（從此以后，這個(gè)報(bào)紙就照例把我叫做“蒙大拿的小偷吐溫”。）

I got to picking up papers apprehensively--much as one would lift a desired blanket which he had some idea might have a rattlesnake under it. One day this met my eye:
于是我漸漸對(duì)報(bào)紙有了戒心，一拿起來(lái)就覺得提心吊膽——很像一個(gè)人想睡覺的時(shí)候去揭開床毯，可是腦子里卻擔(dān)心那底下會(huì)有一條響尾蛇似的。有一天，我又看到這么一段：

THE LIE NAILED.--By the sworn affidavits of Michael O'Flanagan, Esq., of the Five Points, and Mr. Snub Rafferty and Mr. Catty Mulligan, of Water Street, it is established that Mr. Mark Twain's vile statement that the lamented grandfather of our noble standard- bearer, Blank J. Blank, was hanged for highway robbery, is a brutal and gratuitous LIE, without a shadow of foundation in fact. It is disheartening to virtuous men to see such shameful means resorted to to achieve political success as the attacking of the dead in their graves, and defiling their honored names with slander. When we think of the anguish this miserable falsehood must cause the innocent relatives and friends of the deceased, we are almost driven to incite an outraged and insulted public to summary and unlawful vengeance upon the traducer. But no! let us leave him to the agony of a lacerated conscience (though if passion should get the better of the public, and in its blind fury they should do the traducer bodily injury, it is but too obvious that no jury could convict and no court punish the perpetrators of the deed).
謠言被揭穿了——根據(jù)五點(diǎn)區(qū)的邁克爾-歐弗蘭納根先生和水街的啟特-柏恩斯先生及約翰-亞倫先生三人宣誓負(fù)責(zé)的證詞，現(xiàn)已證明馬克-吐溫先生誣蔑我黨德高望重的領(lǐng)袖約翰-霍夫曼已故的祖父，說(shuō)他是因犯盜劫罪被處絞刑的。這種卑鄙的說(shuō)法是一種下流的無(wú)端的謠言，連絲毫事實(shí)根據(jù)的蹤影都沒有。像這樣毀謗九泉之下的死者并以讕言玷污他們的令名的無(wú)恥手段，竟被人用以博得政治上的成功，這實(shí)在叫正人君子看了寒心。我們想到這種卑鄙的謠言給死者清白的家屬和親友們必然帶來(lái)的悲慟時(shí)，幾乎激動(dòng)得要把受了污蔑和侮辱的公眾鼓動(dòng)起來(lái)，采取斷然行動(dòng)，對(duì)誹謗者施行非法的報(bào)復(fù)。但是我們不這么辦！還是讓他去受到良心的譴責(zé)而苦痛吧。（不過(guò)公眾如果讓感情的沖動(dòng)占了上風(fēng)，在盲目的憤怒支配之下竟至對(duì)誹謗者加以人身的傷害，顯而易見，陪審員是不能給這些激于義憤的人們定罪的，法院也不能對(duì)他們加以處罰。）

The ingenious closing sentence had the effect of moving me out of bed with despatch that night, and out at the back door also, while the "outraged and insulted public" surged in the front way, breaking furniture and windows in their righteous indignation as they came, and taking off such property as they could carry when they went. And yet I can lay my hand upon the Book and say that I never slandered Mr. Blank's grandfather. More: I had never even heard of him or mentioned him up to that day and date.
末尾那句巧妙的話居然大起作用，當(dāng)天夜里就有一群“受了污蔑和侮辱的公眾”從我的房子前面沖進(jìn)來(lái)，把我嚇得連忙從床上爬起來(lái)，由后門逃出去。那些人滿腔義憤，來(lái)勢(shì)洶洶，一進(jìn)門就搗毀了家具和窗戶，走的時(shí)候把能帶走的財(cái)物都拿去了。但是我可以把手按在《圣經(jīng)》上發(fā)誓，我從來(lái)沒有誹謗過(guò)霍夫曼州長(zhǎng)的祖父。不但如此，直到那一天為止，我還從來(lái)沒有聽說(shuō)過(guò)他，也從來(lái)沒有提到過(guò)他。

[I will state, in passing, that the journal above quoted from always referred to me afterward as "Twain, the Body-Snatcher."]
（我要順便說(shuō)一聲，從那以后，上面所引的那個(gè)報(bào)紙就把我稱為“盜尸犯吐溫”。）

The next newspaper article that attracted my attention was the following:
其次一條引起了我的注意的新聞是這樣說(shuō)的：

A SWEET CANDIDATE.--Mr. Mark Twain, who was to make such a blighting speech at the mass-meeting of the Independents last night, didn't come to time! A telegram from his physician stated that he had been knocked down by a runaway team, and his leg broken in two places--sufferer lying in great agony, and so forth, and so forth, and a lot more bosh of the same sort. And the Independents tried hard to swallow the wretched subterfuge, and pretend that they did not know what was the real reason of the absence of the abandoned creature whom they denominate their standard-bearer. A certain man was seen to reel into Mr. Twain's hotel last night in a state of beastly intoxication. It is the imperative duty of the Independents to prove that this besotted brute was not Mark Twain himself. We have them at last! This is a case that admits of no shirking. The voice of the people demands in thunder tones, "WHO WAS THAT MAN?"
好一個(gè)體面的候選人——馬克-吐溫先生原定于昨晚在獨(dú)立黨的群眾大會(huì)上作一次中傷別人的演說(shuō)，但是他不曾按時(shí)到場(chǎng)！他的醫(yī)生打來(lái)了一個(gè)電報(bào)，說(shuō)他被一輛狂奔的馬車撞倒了，腿上兩處受傷——傷者在床上躺著，非?？嗤?，如此這般，還編了一大堆這類的謊話。獨(dú)立黨黨員們極力要把這種卑鄙的托詞信以為真，故意假裝著不知道他們所提名為候選人的這個(gè)花天酒地的家伙之所以沒有來(lái)的真正原因。昨晚上分明有人看見一個(gè)人醉得不成樣子，一歪一倒地走進(jìn)吐溫先生住的旅館。獨(dú)立黨黨員們有不容推卸的義務(wù)，應(yīng)該趕快證明這個(gè)醉鬼并非馬克-吐溫本人。我們終于把他們難住了！這件事情是不容避而不談的。人民的呼聲響雷似的要求回答，“那個(gè)人究竟是誰(shuí)？”

It was incredible, absolutely incredible, for a moment, that it was really my name that was coupled with this disgraceful suspicion. Three long years had passed over my head since I had tasted ale, beer, wine or liquor or any kind.
當(dāng)真把我的名字牽連到這個(gè)不名譽(yù)的嫌疑上面，一時(shí)實(shí)在令人難以置信，絕對(duì)難以置信。我已經(jīng)整整三年沒有嘗過(guò)麥酒、啤酒、葡萄酒或是任何一種酒了。

[It shows what effect the times were having on me when I say that I saw myself, confidently dubbed "Mr. Delirium Tremens Twain" in the next issue of that journal without a pang--notwithstanding I knew that with monotonous fidelity the paper would go on calling me so to the very end.]
（現(xiàn)在我說(shuō)起當(dāng)初看到自己在那個(gè)報(bào)紙的下一期上被人確信地加上“酒瘋子吐溫先生”的諢名，竟能毫不感到苦惱——雖然明知那個(gè)報(bào)紙會(huì)要堅(jiān)持不變地繼續(xù)這樣稱呼我，一直到底——這就足見當(dāng)時(shí)的環(huán)境對(duì)我起了多大的作用。）

By this time anonymous letters were getting to be an important part of my mail matter. This form was common
這時(shí)候匿名信逐漸成為我所收到的郵件中的重要部分，普通的方式是這樣的：

How about that old woman you kiked of your premises which was beging. POL. PRY.
被你從你的公館門口一腳踢開的那個(gè)討錢的老太婆現(xiàn)在怎么樣了？愛管閑事的人啟

And this:
還有這樣的：

There is things which you Have done which is unbeknowens to anybody but me. You better trot out a few dots, to yours truly, or you'll hear through the papers from HANDY ANDY.
你干的事情，有些是除了我一人而外誰(shuí)也不知道的。你最好識(shí)相一點(diǎn)，快給鄙人拿出幾塊錢來(lái)，要不然就會(huì)有一位大爺對(duì)你不客氣，在報(bào)紙上給你過(guò)不去。隨你猜敬啟

This is about the idea. I could continue them till the reader was surfeited, if desirable.
大致的意思總是這樣。如果需要的話，我可以繼續(xù)舉出許多例子，直到讀者發(fā)膩為止。

Shortly the principal Republican journal "convicted" me of wholesale bribery, and the leading Democratic paper "nailed" an aggravated case of blackmailing to me.
不久，共和黨的主要報(bào)紙又給我“判了罪”——大規(guī)模的賄賂行為；而民主黨的權(quán)威報(bào)紙則將一樁大事渲染的訛詐案硬栽到我頭上。

[In this way I acquired two additional names: "Twain the Filthy Corruptionist" and "Twain the Loathsome Embracer."]
（就是這樣，我又獲得了兩個(gè)稱號(hào)：“骯臟的舞弊分子吐溫”和“可惡的訛詐者吐溫”。）

By this time there had grown to be such a clamor for an "answer" to all the dreadful charges that were laid to me that the editors and leaders of my party said it would be political ruin for me to remain silent any longer. As if to make their appeal the more imperative, the following appeared in one of the papers the very next day:
這時(shí)候輿論鼎沸，叫我“答復(fù)”對(duì)我提出的那一切可怕的控訴，以致我們黨里的主筆和領(lǐng)袖們都說(shuō)我如果再保持緘默，那就會(huì)使我在政治上垮臺(tái)。好像是要使控訴更加顯得有勁似的，就在第二天，有一家報(bào)紙上又登出了下面這么一段：

BEHOLD THE MAN!--The independent candidate still maintains silence. Because he dare not speak. Every accusation against him has been amply proved, and they have been indorsed and reindorsed by his own eloquent silence, till at this day he stands forever convicted. Look upon your candidate, Independents! Look upon the Infamous Perjurer! the Montana Thief! the Body-Snatcher! Contemplate your incarnate Delirium Tremens! your Filthy Corruptionist! your Loathsome Embracer! Gaze upon him--ponder him well--and then say if you can give your honest votes to a creature who has earned this dismal array of titles by his hideous crimes, and dares not open his mouth in denial of any one of them!
注意這個(gè)角色——獨(dú)立黨的候選人還在保持緘默。因?yàn)樗静桓艺f(shuō)話。一切對(duì)他的指控通通充分證實(shí)了，他自己那種等于招供的緘默態(tài)度已經(jīng)一再承認(rèn)了這些罪狀，現(xiàn)在他是永遠(yuǎn)也不能翻供了。獨(dú)立黨黨員們，請(qǐng)看你們這位候選人！請(qǐng)看這位聲名狼藉的偽證犯！這位蒙大拿的小偷！這位盜尸犯！仔細(xì)看看你們這位酒瘋癥的化身！你們這個(gè)骯臟的舞弊分子！這個(gè)可惡的訛詐專家！睜開眼睛盯住他——把他仔細(xì)打量一番——然后再打定主意：像這么一個(gè)敗類，他犯了滔天罪行，獲得了一大串晦氣的頭銜而不敢張嘴否認(rèn)任何一個(gè)，你們是否可以把你們的規(guī)規(guī)矩矩的選票投給他！

There was no possible way of getting out of it, and so, in deep humiliation, I set about preparing to "answer" a mass of baseless charges and mean and wicked falsehoods. But I never finished the task, for the very next morning a paper came out with a new horror, a fresh malignity, and seriously charged me with burning a lunatic asylum with all its inmates, because it obstructed the view from my house. This threw me into a sort of panic. Then came the charge of poisoning my uncle to get his property, with an imperative demand that the grave should be opened. This drove me to the verge of distraction. On top of this I was accused of employing toothless and incompetent old relatives to prepare the food for the foundling' hospital when I warden. I was wavering--wavering. And at last, as a due and fitting climax to the shameless persecution that party rancor had inflicted upon me, nine little toddling children, of all shades of color and degrees of raggedness, were taught to rush onto the platform at a public meeting, and clasp me around the legs and call me PA!
要想擺脫這種攻擊，簡(jiǎn)直沒有辦法，所以在深感羞辱之余，我準(zhǔn)備要“答復(fù)”那一大堆無(wú)稽的指控和那些下流而惡毒的謠言?？墒俏沂冀K沒完成這個(gè)工作，因?yàn)榫驮诘诙煸缟?，又有一個(gè)報(bào)紙登出一個(gè)新的恐怖事件，再度的惡意中傷，嚴(yán)厲地控訴我燒毀了一個(gè)瘋?cè)嗽海B里面所有的病人也給燒死了，為的是它妨礙了我的住宅的視線。這可使我陷入了恐慌的境地。然后又來(lái)了一個(gè)控訴，說(shuō)我曾經(jīng)為了奪取我的叔父的財(cái)產(chǎn)而把他毒死了，并提出緊急的要求，要挖開墳?zāi)跪?yàn)尸。這簡(jiǎn)直把我嚇得幾乎要發(fā)瘋。這一切還不夠，又給我加了一個(gè)罪名，說(shuō)我在棄嬰收養(yǎng)所當(dāng)所長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候，曾經(jīng)雇用了一些掉光了牙齒的老邁無(wú)能的親戚擔(dān)任烹飪的工作。我開始動(dòng)搖了——?jiǎng)訐u了。最后，黨派相爭(zhēng)的仇恨加到我身上的無(wú)恥的迫害終于很自然地發(fā)展到了一個(gè)高潮：九個(gè)剛學(xué)走路的小孩子，包括各種膚色，帶著各種窮形盡相，被教唆著在一個(gè)公開的集會(huì)上闖到講臺(tái)上來(lái)，抱住我的腿，叫我爸爸！

I gave it up. I hauled down my colors and surrendered. I was not equal to the requirements of a Gubernatorial campaign in the state of New York, and so I sent in my withdrawal from the candidacy, and in bitterness of spirit signed it, "Truly yours, once a decent man, but now
我放棄了競(jìng)選。我偃旗息鼓，甘拜下風(fēng)。我夠不上紐約州州長(zhǎng)競(jìng)選所需要的條件，于是我提出了退出競(jìng)選的聲明；并且由于滿懷懊惱，信末簽署了這樣的下款：

"MARK TWAIN, LP., M.T., B.S., D.T., F.C., and L.E."
“你的忠實(shí)的朋友——從前是個(gè)正派人，可是現(xiàn)在成了偽證犯、小偷、盜尸犯、酒瘋子、舞弊分子和訛詐專家的馬克-吐溫?！?/font>

2022/9/29 1:38:39

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nihaota

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